Lect 19 Flashcards
1
Q
pyelonephritis is infection of
A
- kidneys and ureters
2
Q
cystitis is infection of
A
the bladder
3
Q
list risk factors for UTI
A
- obstructions (kidney stone)
- immunosuppression
- sexual activity
- diaphragms as birth control
- enlarged prostate
- catheterization
- pregnancy
4
Q
clinical presentation
- dysuria
- frequent urination
- urinary urgency
- cloudy, malodorous, or bloody urine
- lower abd pain
- mild fever
- burning with urination
A
lower UTI
5
Q
clinical presentation
- high fever (>101)
- N/V, chills
- flank pain
A
pyelonephritis
6
Q
Describe the URI-cult CLED/EMB
A
- EMB
- selective for G- (contains bile salts)
- CLED
- growth of both G- and +
- determines ability to ferment lactose
7
Q
what UA microscopy findings are indicative of a UTI
A
- > 2 WBC
- > 15 bacteria
8
Q
List the typical causes of UTIs
A
- E-coli
- Proteus
- staphylococcus saprophyticus
- streptococcus (group B)
- klebsiella
- enterococcus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
9
Q
what is the most common cause of UTI? what stain
A
- E-coli
- caused by UPEC (uropathogenic E-coli) strains
- bacteria access urinary tract following introduction of fecal contamination
10
Q
E-coli
- gram status
- motile
A
- gram negative
- flagellated
11
Q
E-coli possess what that allows them bind to uroepithelial cells and erythrocytes
A
- P fimbriae
- Dr. adhesins
12
Q
E-coli produces what that results in lysis of both uroepithelial cells and erythrocytes
A
alpha and beta hemolysins
13
Q
UPEC (uropathogenic e-coli) have capacity to produce what due to increased formation of biofilms
A
K (capsular) antigen
14
Q
Proteus
- gram status
A
gram negative
15
Q
which proteus species is community acquired? which species predominantly infects immunocompromised?
A
- P. mirabilis - community acquired
- P. vulgaris: immunocompromised
