Lect 20 Flashcards
What is genetics?
Genetics is the study of heredity and variation.
Genetics explores how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
What does genetic variation cover?
Genetic variations cover the different species and the wide diversity of life that we have on our planet.
This includes variations within populations and between different species.
What contributes to variation within a species?
A lot of variation is due to genetics, but some is due to environmental factors or interactions between DNA variations and the environment.
Fill in the blank: A lot of the variation within a species is due to _______.
[genetics]
Fill in the blank: Some variation within a species is due to genetics or _______ or interactions between DNA variations and the environment.
[environmental factors]
True or False: All variation within a species is caused by genetics.
False
What are the two main contributors to variation within a species?
- Genetics
- Environmental factors
What do all peoples have in common regarding genetics?
All peoples have the same genes and similar DNA sequences
What causes the different characteristics among individuals?
The different variations of genes
True or False: Different characteristics in individuals are due to identical genes.
False
Fill in the blank: It is the different variation of genes that gives us the different _______.
[characteristics]
What are identical twins also known as?
Monozygotic twins
Identical twins originate from a single fertilized egg.
What is the genetic relationship of identical twins?
Genetically identical
Identical twins share the same genes/DNA.
What percentage of DNA do non-identical twins share?
About 50%
Non-identical twins are also known as dizygotic twins.
What are the main morphological characteristics of identical twins?
Morphologically similar
They often look very alike due to their shared genetics.
True or False: Non-identical twins are genetically identical.
False
Non-identical twins share about 50% of their DNA.
What are identical twins?
Genetically identical individuals that develop from a single fertilized egg.
How do identical twins compare morphologically, when they’re reared apart?
Identical twins are morphologically similar, even when reared apart.
True or False: Identical twins can show significant differences in morphology if raised in different environments.
False
Fill in the blank: Identical twins are _______ identical.
genetically
What is a key trait of identical twins regardless of their environment?
They remain morphologically similar.
What can genetic variation lead to?
Inherited diseases
Genetic variation refers to differences in DNA sequences among individuals, which can result in a range of health outcomes.
What are variations or mutations in DNA?
Changes that can be passed from parents to their children
These mutations can affect the structure and function of proteins, potentially leading to health issues.
How can genetic variations affect health?
They may increase the risk or directly cause certain genetic disorders
Genetic disorders can manifest in various ways, impacting physical, mental, and developmental health.
