Lec7

Question 1

includes all of the unconsolidated substrate areas such as mud, sand on the ocean bottom.

Answer 1

Soft bottom subtidal habitat

Question 2

live on top of the sediment, attached to a surface
Infauna or Epifauna

Answer 2

Epifauna

Question 3

Polychaetes that inhabit tubes they build from sediment particles.

Answer 3

Clymenella

Question 4

Polychaetes burrows and eat detritus and other organic matter by collecting it with their tentacles or by ingesting sediment and extracting food from it.

Answer 4

Lugworms or sandworm

Question 5

Well adapted to living as deposit feeders and do not have the round shape of most urchins.

Answer 5

Sea urchins

Question 6

Well adapted to living as deposit feeders, becoming more streamlined with shorter spines that lie flat.

Answer 6

Sea urchins

Question 7

epifauna which can live in limited depth and can dig deeper in sand than in mud.
T/F?

Answer 7

F, Infauna

Question 8

Polychaetes that inhabit tubes they build from sediment particles.

Answer 8

Clymenella

Question 9

do not exist in soft bottom.

Answer 9

Sea lettuce

Question 10

move to soft bottoms to feed.

Answer 10

Predatory crabs, hermit crabs, lobsters, and octopuses

Question 11

provides hard, complex, vertical structure where sponges, seaweed and coral can attach. These organisms are the foundation of diverse communities.

Answer 11

Hard-Bottom

Question 12

on subtidal rocky bottoms are usually small, slow-moving invertebrates

Answer 12

Grazers

Question 13

Seaweeds secrete chemicals, as defenses against grazing
such as ……..

Answer 13

sulfuric acid and phenols

Question 14

are a group of large, fast growing brown seaweeds that live in relatively cold water and are restricted to temperate and subpolar regions.

Answer 14

Kelps

Question 15

worms have a segmented body, but with few setae (or chaetae) compared to polychaetes , they are also typical inhabitants of bottom sediment in the western Arabian Gulf.

Answer 15

Oligochaeta (Annelid groups)

Question 16

worm-like body with large proboscis projecting forward from the head.

Answer 16

Echiuran or called “spoon worms”

Question 17

unsegmented marine worms without bristles (chaetae). They live either in burrows or in discarded shells like hermit crabs

Answer 17

Sipuncula or called “Peanut worms”

Question 18

almost completely flat and have very short spines. They typically feed on detritus and use mucus to carry particles to the mouth.

Answer 18

Sand dollars

Question 19

can live in limited depth and can dig deeper in sand than in mud.

Answer 19

infauna