Lec 8

Question 1

• The shallow part of the ocean above the drop-off of the continental shelf, about 200m in depth.
• only a small part of the pelagic .

Answer 1

Neritic zone

Question 2

The area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides.

Answer 2

Intertidal zone

Question 3

The area of the ocean lying beyond the continental shelf where water depths drop to below 200 meters.

Answer 3

Oceanic zone

Question 4

is the water column itself, away from the bottom or the shore

Answer 4

Pelagic environment

Question 5

shallowest, warmest, and the best light part similar to the photic zone.

Answer 5

Epipelagic (upper pelagic)

Question 6

ecological realm that includes the entire ocean water column or defined as the part of the open sea or ocean that is not near the coast or sea floor

Answer 6

ocean’s pelagic zone / Pelagic realm

Question 7

seaweeds and sea grasses are largely absent from the epipelagic because?

Answer 7

they have no place to attach.

Question 8

Epipelagic lacks suspension feeders
T/F?

Answer 8

F, deposit feeders

Question 9

Composed of viruses and called virioplankton.

Answer 9

Femtoplankton

Question 10

Consists mostly of archaea and bacteria.

Answer 10

Picoplankton

Question 11

they can be caught in nets, they are subdivided on the basis of size into (micro-, meso-, macro megaplankton).

Answer 11

Net plankton

Question 12

Most important Phytoplankton

Answer 12

diatoms and dinoflagellates

Question 13

They are common in temperate, polar regions, and other nutrient-rich waters . They are abundant both near the coast and in the open ocean

Answer 13

Diatoms

Question 14

important in both Neritic and oceanic waters but tend to prefer warm areas. And they may be better-adapted to low-nutrient conditions than diatoms, or grow explosively into huge numbers sometimes causing red tides.

Answer 14

Dinoflagellates

Question 15

grows in filamentous colonies. Sometimes forming red
tides, It is mainly abundant in nutrient-poor waters.

Answer 15

Cyanobacteria, Trichodesmium

Question 16

are more abundant than the net phytoplankton

Answer 16

Picoplankton & Nanoplankton

Question 17

are the most abundant picoplankton and account for at least 50% the ocean’s total primary production.

Answer 17

Cyanobacterium

Question 18

not only regulates the phytoplankton productivity, but also fuels the benthic community via vertical particle flux.

Answer 18

Zooplankton

Question 19

Are small crustaceans, they are so small that most large animals can’t catch them that dominate the net zooplankton about 70% or more of the community.

Answer 19

Copepods

Question 20

• animals similar to small shrimps that live in the
  oceans.
• are efficient filter feeders
  capturing phytoplankton, especially diatoms
• eat small zooplankton.

Answer 20

Krill

Question 21

Are a planktonic crustaceans that are small, like copepods.

Answer 21

Amphipods

Question 22

Are large crustaceans, also occur in the net zooplankton, almost exclusively carnivorous.

Answer 22

Decapods crabs and Shrimps

Question 23

group of molluscs known as phytoplankton grazers. They are small snails in which the foot has been modified to form a pair of “wings” that they flap to stay afloat.

Answer 23

Pteropods

Question 24

Feed mostly on copepods. have a major role in epipelagic food webs.

Answer 24

Arrow worms or Chaetognaths

Question 25

○ Can be quite large but are weak swimmers
○ drift with the currents as part of the plankton.
○ carnivorous

Answer 25

Jelly fishes

Question 26

are temporary members of the plankton, they release
their eggs or young into the water column, and the planktonic larvae spend the early part of their lives in the plankton

Answer 26

Meroplankton

Question 27

are organisms that spend their whole lives in the plankton.

Answer 27

Holoplankton

Question 28

Almost all marine fishes have planktonic larvae.
T/F

Answer 28

T

Question 29

total of …. diatom species and … dinoflagellate species for the complete area of the Arabian Gulf.

Answer 29

888 diatom, 211 dinoflagellate

Question 30

…… numper of copepos species reported in Arabian Gulf

Answer 30

29

Question 31

…… numper of copepos species reported in Arabian Gulf

Answer 31

29

Question 32

is a free-swimming aquatic animals essentially independent of wave and current action. Animals that can swim against water currents.

Answer 32

Nekton

Question 33

Organism spend their time either under, on or near the surface of the ocean floor.

Answer 33

Benthos

Question 34

1. Staying Afloat
2. Predators and Their Prey
3. Vertical Migration
4. Trophic Levels and Energy Flow

Answer 34

adaptations of epipelagic organisms

Question 35

Gas bubbles, or vacuoles, inside the cells of

Answer 35

Cyanobacteria