Lec.2

Question 1

What is a scientific paper?

Answer 1

A written and published report describing original research results.

Question 2

What are some examples of non-primary publications?

Answer 2

• Review paper
• Conference report
• Meeting abstract

Question 3

What is the shape of a scientific paper often compared to?

Answer 3

An hourglass: broad, then narrow, then broad.

Question 4

What defines a primary publication according to the Council of Science Editors?

Answer 4

It must be the first disclosure with sufficient information for peers to assess observations, repeat experiments, and evaluate intellectual processes.

Question 5

What are the two essential characteristics of primary publications?

Answer 5

• Susceptible to sensory perception
• Essentially permanent and available to the scientific community without restriction

Question 6

True or False: Primary scientific publications must undergo peer review.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is a review paper designed to do?

Answer 7

Summarize, analyze, and evaluate previously published information.

Question 8

What are conference reports typically not designed for?

Answer 8

The definitive presentation of original data.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The first disclosure of new research data often occurs via _______ at a scientific meeting.

Answer 9

oral presentation

Question 10

What mindset should a writer establish when approaching a writing project?

Answer 10

Writing to communicate, not to impress.

Question 11

What is an important step in the prewriting process?

Answer 11

Write down ideas that occur while gathering scientific content.

Question 12

What should be checked during the revision of a scientific paper?

Answer 12

• Consistency of numerical data
• Accuracy of information
• Conciseness of content
• Grammar, spelling, punctuation

Question 13

What is advised when writing the first draft of a scientific paper?

Answer 13

Make time to write and set deadlines for drafting sections.

Question 14

What is one principle of effective writing?

Answer 14

Cut unnecessary words and phrases.

Question 15

What should be avoided when using verbs in scientific writing?

Answer 15

• Turning verbs into nouns
• Burying the main verb

Question 16

What is a key aspect of the peer review process?

Answer 16

Referees help evaluate the work to ensure its success.

Question 17

What should you do once your manuscript is nearly complete?

Answer 17

Show it to others and request feedback.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Different team members take different _______ in the research and reporting process.

Answer 18

roles

Question 19

What is the purpose of prewriting steps in a writing project?

Answer 19

To organize thoughts and structure content effectively.

Question 20

True or False: Review papers cannot contain new theories or ideas.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

What is the main focus of a scientific paper?

Answer 21

To communicate research findings and their implications.

Question 22

Is designed to summarize, analyze,
evaluate information that has already been
published

Answer 22

review article

Question 23

reviews contain nothing
new. TRUE or FALSE

Answer 23

FALSE

Question 24

From the best review papers come new
ideas and theories, and even new
paradigms.
T/F

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

Is a paper published in a book or journal as part of the
proceedings of a symposium, workshop, or the like.

Answer 25

Conference Report