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Scientific Writing > Lec.1 > Flashcards

Lec.1 Flashcards

intoduction

1
Q

What is scientific writing?

A

A technical form of writing that communicates scientific information to other scientists.

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2
Q

What is a common purpose of scientific writing?

A

Reporting original research in journals through research papers in standard format.

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3
Q

What does a scientific research paper provide?

A

An in-depth analysis, evaluation, or interpretation of a single topic based on evidence.

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4
Q

What is included in scientific writing besides research papers?

A

Reviews, grant proposals, oral & poster presentations, books or chapters, and theses.

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5
Q

What is a key characteristic of good scientific writing?

A

Clarity, avoiding unnecessary detail.

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6
Q

How should language be in scientific writing?

A

Direct, avoiding vague or complicated sentences.

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7
Q

When should technical terms be used?

A

Only when they are necessary for accuracy.

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8
Q

Why should assumptions be avoided in scientific writing?

A

To remain neutral and avoid unproven statements.

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9
Q

How should data collection and conclusions be presented?

A

Precisely, with evidence supporting conclusions.

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10
Q

What is the importance of logical structure in scientific writing?

A

Ideas should be presented in a logical order with clear sections.

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11
Q

Why is accuracy essential in scientific writing?

A

It avoids vague language and ensures specificity.

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12
Q

How should objectivity be maintained?

A

By supporting statements with evidence and acknowledging others’ work.

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13
Q

What is the most important characteristic of scientific writing?

A

Clarity, as it helps communicate the research effectively.

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14
Q

What is the axiom of science?

A

A scientific experiment is not complete until the results have been published and understood.

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15
Q

Who are some audiences scientific writing should consider?

A

Students, scientists outside the field, and non-native English speakers.

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16
Q

When did the first scientific journals appear?

A

In 1665, with Journal des Sçavans and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.

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17
Q

What is the primary function of scientific journals?

A

To serve as the main communication means in the sciences.

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18
Q

What are some principles of effective writing?

A

Cutting unnecessary words, using active voice, and writing with strong verbs.

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19
Q

Why is active voice recommended?

A

It uses subject + verb + object format for clarity and readability.

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20
Q

What does it mean to write with verbs?

A

Using strong verbs, avoiding noun forms, and emphasizing the main action.

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21
Q

How should complex phrases be handled?

A

They should be simplified to improve clarity.

22
Q

What is one way to avoid clutter in writing?

A

Removing words that serve no function or can be replaced with shorter words.

23
Q

Why should passive constructions be minimized?

A

They can make sentences ambiguous about who is doing what.

24
Q

What should every sentence in scientific writing strive to be?

A

Clear and stripped of unnecessary components.

25
Q

Why should adverbs be used sparingly?

A

They often add redundant meaning already present in the verb.

26
Q

What is one goal of effective scientific writing?

A

To make the sentence as strong and direct as possible.

27
Q

What type of writing is scientific writing considered?

A

A technical form focused on empirical data and clear communication.

28
Q

What is emphasized in scientific papers?

A

Statistical data, previous research, and strict citation practices.

29
Q

What distinguishes a scientific review?

A

It summarizes and integrates previously published research.

30
Q

What should a grant proposal include?

A

An application for funding with a clear scientific plan.

31
Q

What type of language is favored in scientific writing?

A

Simple and direct to avoid confusion.

32
Q

How should vague statements be handled?

A

They should be made precise and supported by evidence.

33
Q

Why is clarity essential in scientific writing?

A

To ensure that research findings are received and understood by the audience.

34
Q

Who are some key figures in early scientific writing history?

A

Louis Pasteur, known for developing the germ theory of disease.

35
Q

What is a common issue in complex scientific writing?

A

Turning verbs into nouns, which weakens clarity.

36
Q

How can clarity in scientific writing be maintained?

A

By using straightforward language and strong verbs.

37
Q

What is a classic hallmark of academic writing?

A

Using complex language that can obscure meaning.

38
Q

Why is stripping sentences important?

A

To make them more concise and impactful.

39
Q

What is one technique to improve scientific writing?

A

Using specific and direct wording rather than broad terms.

40
Q

How does effective writing impact scientific communication?

A

It ensures research is accessible to the intended audience.

41
Q

What is a research thesis?

A

An in-depth study submitted as part of academic qualifications.

42
Q

What kind of statements should be avoided in objective writing?

A

Unproven statements or assumptions.

43
Q

How does scientific writing benefit from logical structure?

A

It guides the reader through the research systematically.

44
Q

What is a key difference between scientific and general writing?

A

Scientific writing is structured, objective, and evidence-based.

45
Q

What is one approach to avoid ambiguity in writing?

A

Using precise language and avoiding vague terms.

46
Q

How should results be communicated in scientific writing?

A

In a manner that is clear, accurate, and logical.

47
Q

Why is brevity valued in scientific titles?

A

To convey the main idea without unnecessary words.

48
Q

What should be the focus of each section in scientific writing?

A

Clearly defined ideas that support the main research question.

49
Q

What is the importance of structure in scientific writing?

A

To improve readability and comprehension.

50
Q

What is one method to enhance writing clarity?

A

Cutting out superfluous words and using active language.

51
Q

What impact does well-organized scientific writing have?

A

It helps readers follow and understand complex information more easily.

Scientific Writing (4 decks)

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