Lec1-3 Overview and Innate Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What is mech of multiple slcerosis

A
  • immune attack against myelin basic sheet that insulates neurons
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2
Q

Is innate or adaptive immune more specific

A

adaptive

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3
Q

Is there more diversity in receptors of innate or adaptive?

A

Adaptive - due to somatic recombination of gene segments

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4
Q

What are 5 main components of innate immunity?

A
  • barriers to infection [epithelium/skin]
  • phagocytes
  • dendritic cells
  • NK cells
  • complement
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5
Q

What make cell type make up pus?

A

neutrophils

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6
Q

What is principle function of B lymphocytes in immune

A
  • mediate humoral immunity
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7
Q

What is the principle function of T lymphocytes in immune

A

Mediate cell-mediated immunity

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8
Q

Are natural killer cells in innate or adaptive immune?

A

innate

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9
Q

What is the principle fcuntion of dendritic cells in immune?

A

= act as antigen presenting cells, initiated T cell response

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10
Q

What is the principle function of follicular dendritic cells?

A
  • display antigens to B cells in humoral immune response
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11
Q

What types of barriers involved in innate immune

A
  1. physical barrier to infection [skin]
  2. killing of microbes by locally produced antibiotics
  3. killing of microbes by intrapepithelial lymphocytes

also: resident flora, chemical barriers

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12
Q

Are neutrophils or macrophages short lived?

A

neutrophils!

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13
Q

What are PAMPS?

A
  • pathogen associated molecular patterns
  • recognized by toll like receptors (a type of pattern recognition receptor [PRR] ) on surface of DC/macrophage and trigger activation
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14
Q

Endpoint of TLR signalling cascade

A

Part of innate immune

  1. increase expression cytokines/adhesion molec –> acute inflamation, stimulate adaptive immune
  2. increase production IFN –> antiviral state
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15
Q

What are NLRs? Endpoint?

A

NLR = nod-like receptor

- release IL-B: fuel acute inflammation and fever

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16
Q

5 Characteristics of inflammation

A
  • heat
  • redness
  • swelling
  • pain
  • loss of function
17
Q

Macrophages as sentinels

A
  • recognize pathogens or cell death product
18
Q

2 Natural Killer Cell Functions

A
  1. Nk cell sees infected cell ad kills it
  2. NK cell binds macrophage that has phagocytosed molecule, releases IFN-gamma that activates macrophage to kill phagocytosed microbe
19
Q

How are NK cells inhibited?

A
  • inhibitory receptor on NK cell binds self class I MHC-self peptide complex on normal cell so not activated and does not kill
  • when NK binds virus infected cell that has little class I MHC expressed, no inhibitory receptor so kills cell
20
Q

3 Paths of complement activation

A
  1. Alternative: microbe initiates activation
  2. Classical: microbe bound to antibody initiates
  3. Lectin: microbe bound to mannose-binding lectin initiates
21
Q

Which pat of complement peptides gets deposited on the microbe?

A

C3b

22
Q

What happens to C3 in complement?

A
  • C3a breaks off and stimulates inflammation

- C3b is deposited on microbe and aids in phagocytosis

23
Q

Type 1 Interferon [IFN] pathway? 3 Mechanisms of viral inhibition

A
  • IFN produced by virus infected cell
  • binds IFN receptor on uninfected cell
  • Mechanisms of blocking viral replication
    1. degrades viral DNA
    2. inhibits viral gene expression
    3. inhibits viral protein synthesis