Cytokines etc for Immunology Flashcards
TNF-alpha [Function, source]
Function: pro-inflammatory
- enhance adaptive immunity
- active endothelial cells [inflammation, coagulation]
- activate neutrophils
- fever [systemic effects of acute phase response]
Source: macrophages, T cells
IL-1 [B] [Function, source]
Function: pro-inflammatory
- fuel acute inflammation
- fever [systemic effects of acute phase response]
- enhance adaptive immunity
- active endothelial [ inflammation/coagulation]
- in liver: synthesis acute phase proteins
- catabolism –> cachexia
Source: macrophages, endothelial cells
Nitric oxide [Function, source]
Function
- aid in killing of microbes
Source: macrophages
IFN-gamma [Function, source]
Function
1. NK cells release to activate macrophage to kill phagocytosed microbe
2. membrane attack complex activation
Source: NK cells, Th1 cells
C3a [Function]
Function
- activate inflammatory cells
- recruit phagocytosis by macrophages
- chemoattraction
- activate macrophages to make cytokines
C3b [Function]
Function
- opsonization of pathogens
- phagocytosis of immune complexes
C5a [Function]
Function
- mediator of Inflammation
- recruit phagocytosis by macrophages
- chemoattraction
- activate macrophages to make cytokines
IL-12 [Function, source]
Function
1. increase cytotoxic activity of NK and T cells
2. increase IFN-gamma production NK/T cells
3. Induce Th1 differentiation
4. membrane attack complex activation
5. involved in macrophage activation [indirecrly via IFN gamma]
Source: dendritic, macrophages
Type 1 IFNs [IFN-a, IFN-B] [Function, source]
Function = primary barrier to viral infection
1. increase class I MHC expression in all cells
2. activate NK cells
Source: a- dendritic, macrophages; b- fibroblasts
IL-10 [Function, source]
Function 1. inhibit IL-12 production 2. reduced expression costimulators 3. reduce expression MHC II molecules Source: macrophages, dendritic, T cells
IL-6 [Function, source]
Function: Pro-inflammatory
1. in liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins
2. activate B cell proliferation
3. induces Th17 differentiation [along with TGFB]
Source: macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
IL-15 [Function, source]
Function
1. activate NK cell proliferation
2. activate T cell proliferation
Source: macrophages
Il-18 [Function, source]
Function
1. activate NK and T cells to produce IFN-gamma
Source: macrophages
Membrane attack complex [what makes it up, function]
C5b - C9
- lysis of pathogens and cells
C1q inhibitor [C1qINH] [function/mech]
regulate complement by:
- blocking classical pathway initiation
Factor H [Function/mech]
regulate complement by:
- inactivating C3 and C4 convertases
- works with factor I and membrane cofactor protein
- protects from complement activation in exposed basement membrane [kidney, eye]
CD55 (Decay Accelerating Factor) [Function/mech]
regulate complement by:
- accelerating decay of C3 convertase on cell surface
CD59 (Protectin) [Function/mech]
regulate complement by:
- Blocking membrane attack complex formation by blocking C9