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MT 6326 > [LEC] UNIT 1 - INTRO TO SI (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE) (Taylor's Version) > Flashcards

[LEC] UNIT 1 - INTRO TO SI (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE) (Taylor's Version) Flashcards

1
Q

Resistance to disease (infectious disease)

A

Immunology

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2
Q

origin of the word immunity

A

Immunis

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3
Q

T or F: Originally, immunis is the freedom from rendering service to the Roman state

A

T

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4
Q

T or F: Branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms

A

T

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5
Q

T or F: Study of molecules, organs, systems
responsible for the recognition and disposal of antibodies

A

F

of foreign material

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6
Q

T or F: Immunology deals with desirable and undesirable consequences of immune interactions

A

T

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7
Q

________ can enhance the
functions of the immune cells or the system
itself, allowing the immune system to be manipulated

A

Immunomodulators

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8
Q

Scientific study of serum and other body fluids

A

Serology

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9
Q

T or F: Serum contains both antigens and antibodies

A

T (complements that serve as antigens)

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10
Q

Subdiscipline of immunology focusing on the study
of components in the serum

A

Serology

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11
Q

We can find antigens in the serum because
_________ ______ can play as antigens in
diagnostic procedures

A

complement proteins

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12
Q

example of antigen detection test

A

assays of complement proteins

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13
Q

In serology, the presence of _________ ________ are demonstrated in vitro

A

antigen-antibody interactions

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14
Q

Period when the devastating defects of diseases were recorded

A

2000 BC

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15
Q

He recorded that individuals who had
previously contracted the plague recovered

A

Thucydides

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16
Q

Thucydides recognized the _______ ______ of individuals

A

immune status

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17
Q

practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from smallpox lesions

A

Chinese

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18
Q

a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from smallpox lesions

A

variolation

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19
Q

Crude clinical practices developed by Arabs and Chinese (4)

A
  1. Pulverized dried crust blown into nostrils
  2. Dried crusts embedded onto skin
  3. Stored cotton pledgets rubbed
  4. Thread with pustular fluid
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20
Q

She was the wife of the British ambassador to
Constantinople

A

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

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21
Q

How many children did Lady Mary Wortley Montagu have?

A

2

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22
Q

Developed smallpox vaccine

A

Edward Jenner

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23
Q

Patient of Edward Jenner

A

James Phipps

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24
Q

Jenner got the concept from _________
commonly affected by cowpox

A

milkmaids

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25
Q

Demonstrated cross immunity

A

Edward Jenner

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26
Q

Developed phagocytosis

A

Haeckel

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27
Q

T or F: Edward Jenner is the Father of Immunology

A

F

Louis Pasteur

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28
Q

Developed live attenuated, chicken cholera and anthrax vaccine

A

Louis Pasteur

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29
Q

Means by which the pathogen is made less virulent

A

Attenuation

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30
Q

1885 was the year of the first report of live “attenuated” vaccine for _______

A

rabies

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31
Q

Proponent of Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

A

Élie Metchnikof

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32
Q

Proponent of Humoral theory of immunity

A

Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato

33
Q

T or F: Behring was the student of Kitasato

A

F

baliktad

34
Q

Behring and Kitasato developed immune factors against toxins produced by ________

A

diphtheria

35
Q

Demonstrated cutaneous (delayed-type)
hypersensitivity

A

Robert Koch

36
Q

Proponent of Antibody formation theory

A

Paul Ehrlich

37
Q

T or F: Antigens were previously coined as Side Chain Radicals

A

F

Antibodies

38
Q

Side Chain Radicals are also known as

A

Haptophores

39
Q

Antigen - epitope ; Antibody - _______

A

paratope

40
Q

Discovered Immediate-hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis

A

Paul Portier and Charles Richet

41
Q

Discovered Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity

A

Nicolas Maurice Arthus

42
Q

Other names for Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity

A

Type III hypersensitivity
Immune complex hypersensitivity

43
Q

Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding

A

John Marrack

44
Q

Proponent of Template theory

A

Haurowitz

45
Q

states that antibodies are formed
based on a template

A

Template Theory

46
Q

Hypothesis of allograft rejection

A

Peter Medawar

47
Q

Discovered acquired Immune Tolerance

A

Peter Medawar

48
Q

T or F: Tolerance is the absence of antigen

A

F

absence of reaction is the presence of antigen

49
Q

Developed oral polio vaccine

A

Sabin

50
Q

T or F: Salk developed intravenous polio vaccine

A

F

Intramuscular

51
Q

Developed vaccine against yellow fever

A

Walt Reed and Max Theiler

52
Q

genus of yellow fever

A

flaviviridae

53
Q

Graft-versus-Host reaction

A

Dick W. Van Bekkum

54
Q

Graft-versus-Host reaction uses the concept of

A

tolerance transplantation

55
Q

Clonal Selection Theory

A

Frank Macfarlane Burnet

56
Q

First successful organ transplant was done by

A

E. Donnall Thomas

57
Q

Thomas won a Nobel Prize Award in year _____

A

1990

58
Q

Organ used in the 1st successful organ transplant

A

Bone marrow

59
Q

The transplant by Thomas remained for a long time because he made use of

A

immunosuppressive agents

60
Q

Discovered Interferons (viral interference)

A

Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindemann

61
Q

T or F: Interferons are soluble factors

A

T

62
Q

Discovered the histocompatibility antigens in
leukocytes

A

Jean Dausset

63
Q

Discovered Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLAs)

A

Jean Dausset

64
Q

Pioneered the study of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHCs)

A

Baruj Benacerraf

65
Q

Discovered immunonogenetics

A

George Davis Snell

66
Q

T cell and B cell cooperation immune cooperation

A

Henry Claman

67
Q

Identification of antibody molecule

A

Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman

68
Q

They developed the first monoclonal antibodies

A

George Kohler and Cesar Milstein

69
Q

First monoclonal antibodies were developed through

A

Hybridoma Technology

70
Q

Identification of genes for T cell receptor

A

James P. Allison

71
Q

T or F: Unlike B cells that recognize antigens through
antibodies, t-cells recognize pathogens through
the t-cell receptor (TCR)

A

T

72
Q

Developed Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine

A

Pablo DT Valenzuela

73
Q

Th1 versus Th2 model of T helper cell function

A

Mossman

74
Q

Identification Toll-like receptor

A

Jules Hoffman and Bruce Beutler

75
Q

Toll-like receptors are used by these cells so that they can
recognize foreign agents.

A

dendritic cells,
monocytes, and neutrophils

76
Q

the gene directing regulatory T-cell
development

A

FOXP3

77
Q

Developed FOXP3 gene

A

Ramsdell and colleagues

78
Q

Developed human papillomavirus (HPV)
vaccine

A

Ian Frazer

79
Q

HPV vaccine is a form of protection against

A

cervical cancer

MT 6326 (3 decks)

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