[LEC] UNIT 1 - INTRO TO SI (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE) (Taylor's Version) Flashcards
Resistance to disease (infectious disease)
Immunology
origin of the word immunity
Immunis
T or F: Originally, immunis is the freedom from rendering service to the Roman state
T
T or F: Branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms
T
T or F: Study of molecules, organs, systems
responsible for the recognition and disposal of antibodies
F
of foreign material
T or F: Immunology deals with desirable and undesirable consequences of immune interactions
T
________ can enhance the
functions of the immune cells or the system
itself, allowing the immune system to be manipulated
Immunomodulators
Scientific study of serum and other body fluids
Serology
T or F: Serum contains both antigens and antibodies
T (complements that serve as antigens)
Subdiscipline of immunology focusing on the study
of components in the serum
Serology
We can find antigens in the serum because
_________ ______ can play as antigens in
diagnostic procedures
complement proteins
example of antigen detection test
assays of complement proteins
In serology, the presence of _________ ________ are demonstrated in vitro
antigen-antibody interactions
Period when the devastating defects of diseases were recorded
2000 BC
He recorded that individuals who had
previously contracted the plague recovered
Thucydides
Thucydides recognized the _______ ______ of individuals
immune status
practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from smallpox lesions
Chinese
a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from smallpox lesions
variolation
Crude clinical practices developed by Arabs and Chinese (4)
- Pulverized dried crust blown into nostrils
- Dried crusts embedded onto skin
- Stored cotton pledgets rubbed
- Thread with pustular fluid
She was the wife of the British ambassador to
Constantinople
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu
How many children did Lady Mary Wortley Montagu have?
2
Developed smallpox vaccine
Edward Jenner
Patient of Edward Jenner
James Phipps
Jenner got the concept from _________
commonly affected by cowpox
milkmaids
Demonstrated cross immunity
Edward Jenner
Developed phagocytosis
Haeckel
T or F: Edward Jenner is the Father of Immunology
F
Louis Pasteur
Developed live attenuated, chicken cholera and anthrax vaccine
Louis Pasteur
Means by which the pathogen is made less virulent
Attenuation
1885 was the year of the first report of live “attenuated” vaccine for _______
rabies
Proponent of Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis
Élie Metchnikof
Proponent of Humoral theory of immunity
Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato
T or F: Behring was the student of Kitasato
F
baliktad
Behring and Kitasato developed immune factors against toxins produced by ________
diphtheria
Demonstrated cutaneous (delayed-type)
hypersensitivity
Robert Koch
Proponent of Antibody formation theory
Paul Ehrlich
T or F: Antigens were previously coined as Side Chain Radicals
F
Antibodies
Side Chain Radicals are also known as
Haptophores
Antigen - epitope ; Antibody - _______
paratope
Discovered Immediate-hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis
Paul Portier and Charles Richet
Discovered Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity
Nicolas Maurice Arthus
Other names for Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Immune complex hypersensitivity
Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding
John Marrack
Proponent of Template theory
Haurowitz
states that antibodies are formed
based on a template
Template Theory
Hypothesis of allograft rejection
Peter Medawar
Discovered acquired Immune Tolerance
Peter Medawar
T or F: Tolerance is the absence of antigen
F
absence of reaction is the presence of antigen
Developed oral polio vaccine
Sabin
T or F: Salk developed intravenous polio vaccine
F
Intramuscular
Developed vaccine against yellow fever
Walt Reed and Max Theiler
genus of yellow fever
flaviviridae
Graft-versus-Host reaction
Dick W. Van Bekkum
Graft-versus-Host reaction uses the concept of
tolerance transplantation
Clonal Selection Theory
Frank Macfarlane Burnet
First successful organ transplant was done by
E. Donnall Thomas
Thomas won a Nobel Prize Award in year _____
1990
Organ used in the 1st successful organ transplant
Bone marrow
The transplant by Thomas remained for a long time because he made use of
immunosuppressive agents
Discovered Interferons (viral interference)
Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindemann
T or F: Interferons are soluble factors
T
Discovered the histocompatibility antigens in
leukocytes
Jean Dausset
Discovered Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLAs)
Jean Dausset
Pioneered the study of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHCs)
Baruj Benacerraf
Discovered immunonogenetics
George Davis Snell
T cell and B cell cooperation immune cooperation
Henry Claman
Identification of antibody molecule
Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman
They developed the first monoclonal antibodies
George Kohler and Cesar Milstein
First monoclonal antibodies were developed through
Hybridoma Technology
Identification of genes for T cell receptor
James P. Allison
T or F: Unlike B cells that recognize antigens through
antibodies, t-cells recognize pathogens through
the t-cell receptor (TCR)
T
Developed Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine
Pablo DT Valenzuela
Th1 versus Th2 model of T helper cell function
Mossman
Identification Toll-like receptor
Jules Hoffman and Bruce Beutler
Toll-like receptors are used by these cells so that they can
recognize foreign agents.
dendritic cells,
monocytes, and neutrophils
the gene directing regulatory T-cell
development
FOXP3
Developed FOXP3 gene
Ramsdell and colleagues
Developed human papillomavirus (HPV)
vaccine
Ian Frazer
HPV vaccine is a form of protection against
cervical cancer