[LAB] GLOSSARY OF TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

a laboratory technique that involves the removal of antibodies by the use of a specific antigen (i.e., red blood cell surface antigen)

A

absorption

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2
Q

the proximity or closeness of a value to the true value

A

accuracy

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3
Q

incurred due to external factors and is not inherited

A

acquired

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4
Q

normal serum constituents that increase or decrease in the presence of an infection, injury, or trauma to tissues; associated with inflammatory reactions

A

acute-phase proteins

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5
Q

a substance added to vaccines to potentiate or enhance the immune
response of the recipient; examples include alum and Freund’s adjuvant

A

adjuvant

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6
Q

the key enzyme in the glycolytic cycle of Plasmodium parasite.

A

aldolase

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7
Q

a process of attachment of one substance to the surface of another; attachment of an antibody to a specific antigen receptor on a cell surface

A

adsorption

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8
Q

binding strength between an antigenic determinant (epitope) and its complementary site (paratope) in the Fab region of the antibody

A

affinity

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9
Q

absence of all immunoglobulins in serum

A

agammaglobulinemia

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10
Q

aggregation or clumping
of cellular or particulate antigens to their corresponding antisera containing antibodies

A

agglutination

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11
Q

an antibody capable of causing agglutination with multivalent surface antigens; usually belongs to IgM class

A

agglutinin

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12
Q

a particulate or cellular
antigen involved in agglutination or aggregation

A

agglutinogen

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13
Q

an enzyme that liberates inorganic phosphates from
phosphate esters; used as an indicator label in immunoassays

A

alkaline phosphatase

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14
Q

an alternative form(s) of a gene at a particular locus or specific position on a chromosome

A

allele

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15
Q

an antigen that triggers an
allergic or hypersensitivity reaction

A

allergen

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16
Q

an adjuvant commonly added to human vaccines

A

alum

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17
Q

an anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the presence of complement

A

amboceptor

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18
Q

a rapid rise in the immunoglobulin concentration following subsequent exposure to an antigen; also known as a secondary immune response or booster response

A

anamnestic response

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19
Q

an immunoglobulin (lg) formed in response to an antigen

20
Q

highest dilution factor of a
sample that still results in a visible reaction (i.e., agglutination)

A

antibody titer

21
Q

any substance that, when
introduced into the body, stimulates antibody production

22
Q

union of an antibody with its homologous antigen

A

antigen-antibody complex

23
Q

accessory cells present in tissues that process antigens and display fragments on the cell surface in association with a Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules; examples include dendritic cells and macrophages

A

antigen-presenting cells (APC)

24
Q

number of antigenic determinants on an antigen

A

antigen valency

25
Q

a specific region of an antigen that is recognized by the B- or -cell receptors

A

antigenic determinant

26
Q

ability of a substance to react with immune products

A

antigenicity

27
Q

an autoimmune antibody directed against a nuclear component; usually seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

A

antinuclear antibody (ANA)

28
Q

an antibody produced against streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by group A Streptococcus

A

antistreptolysin o (ASO)

29
Q

suppressor and cytototoxic -cells capable of recognizing and killing B-cells infected by viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus; also known as reactive lymphocytes

A

atypical lymphocytes

30
Q

former name of the hepatitis B surface antigen

A

australia antigen

31
Q

the condition in which an immune response is initiated by “self” antigens

A

autoimmunity

32
Q

the sum total binding strength between an antigen and an antibody

33
Q

a lymphocyte that originated from the bone marrow; cells of the adaptive immune response that possess surface antibodies that are specific to an epitope

34
Q

a protein not normally present in human blood but is present in a wide variety of inflammatory reactions; characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide component of pneumococci

A

c-reactive protein

35
Q

a substance composed of
fresh beef heart extract combined with lecithin and cholesterol

A

cardiolipin

36
Q

immunity that is dependent on T-cells and phagocytic cells

A

cell-mediated immunity

37
Q

the movement of cells such as neutrophils toward a stimulus

A

chemotaxis

38
Q

cell surface markers that are employed for immunophenotyping cells particularly lymphocytes; also known as cluster of differentiation

A

cluster of designation (CD)

39
Q

agglutinins that belong to the IgM class and are active at 4°C but not at 37°C

A

cold agglutinins

40
Q

a humoral mechanism of
non-specific immune responses of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation, resulting in cell lysis;

A

complement

41
Q

complement is formerly known as _____?

42
Q

what are the three complement pathways?

A

classical, alternative, and mannose-binding lectin

43
Q

the process of binding of complement in a reaction with an
antigen and antibody

A

complement fixation

44
Q

a substance that is similar to the patient sample that is usesad to monitor the precision of analytical test

45
Q

a protein molecule secreted by leukocytes that regulate immune response