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MT 6326 > [LEC] UNIT 1 - INTRO TO SI (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE) > Flashcards

[LEC] UNIT 1 - INTRO TO SI (HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE) Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of biology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms

A

Immunology

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2
Q

Immunology is the study of molecules, organs, systems responsible for the ______ and _______ of foreign material

A

recognition ; disposal

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3
Q

Scientific study of serum and other body fluids

A

Serology

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4
Q

In 430 BC, he recorded that individuals who had previously contracted plague recovered

A

Thucydides

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5
Q

Thucydides recognized the ________ _______ of individuals

A

immune status

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6
Q

In 1000 AD, ________ practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from smallpox lesions (variolation)

A

Chinese

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7
Q

First recorded attempts to deliberately induce immunity took place in the ____ century

A

15th

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8
Q

In the 15th century, people in China and Turkey inhaled powder made from

A

smallpox scabs

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9
Q

Successfully prevented infection with smallpox by
injecting a less harmful substance—cowpox—from a
disease affecting cows

A

Edward Jenner

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10
Q

T or F: Edward Jenner was a German country doctor

A

F

English

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11
Q

What did Haeckel discover in 1862?

A

Phagocytosis

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12
Q

Observed by chance that older bacterial cultures
accidentally left out on a laboratory bench for the
summer would not cause disease when injected
into chickens

A

Louis Pasteur

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13
Q

Father of Immunology

A

Louis Pasteur

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14
Q

What kind of vaccine did Louis Pasteur discover?

A

Live attenuated

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15
Q

In 1885, live attenuated vaccine for _______ was first reported

A

rabies

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16
Q

Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

A

Élie Metchnikoff

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17
Q

awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physiology for his work with serum therapy

A

Emil Von Behring

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18
Q

Theory proposed by Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato in 1890

A

Humoral theory of immunity

19
Q

demonstrated that diphtheria and tetanus
toxins, which are produced by specific microorganisms
as they grow, could be neutralized by the noncellular
portion of the blood, or serum, of animals previously
exposed to the microorganisms.

20
Q

Demonstration of cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

21
Q

Proponent of the antibody formation theory

22
Q

Discovered immediate hypersensitivity anaphylaxis

A

Portier and Richet

23
Q

Linked the two theories (cellular immunity vs. humoral immunity

A

Almroth Wright

24
Q

Certain humoral/circulating factors that acted to
coat bacteria so that they became more
susceptible to ingestion by phagocytic cells

A

Almroth Wright

25
Q

increase nonspecifically in any infection

A

Acute-phase reactants

26
Q

Arthus reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity was proposed by

A

Nicolas Maurice Arthus

27
Q

Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding was proposed by

28
Q

Hypothesis of allograft rejection was proposed by

29
Q

What did Salk and Sabin discover in 1949?

A

Polio vaccine

30
Q

Discovered vaccine against yellow fever in 1951

31
Q

Graft-versus-Host reaction in 1953

A

Dick W. van Bekkum

32
Q

Clonal Selection Theory in 1957

33
Q

Discovered Interferon (viral interference)

A

Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindemann

34
Q

Discovered Human Leukocyte Antigen or HLAs

A

Jean Dausset

35
Q

T cell and B cell cooperation in immune cooperation

A

Henry Claman

36
Q

Identification of antibody molecule

A

Edelman and Porter

37
Q

First monoclonal antibodies

A

Kohler, Milstein

38
Q

Identification of genes for T cell receptor

A

James P. Allison

39
Q

Pablo DT Valenzuela discovered

A

Monoclonal hepatitis B vaccine

40
Q

Th1 versus Th2 model of T helper cell function in 1986

41
Q

Identification of Toll-like receptor in 1996 to 1998

A

Jules Hoffman and Bruce Beutler

42
Q

Gene discovered by Ramsdell and colleagues

43
Q

the gene directing regulatory T cell development

44
Q

Development of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in 2005

A

Ian Frazer

MT 6326 (3 decks)

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