Lec: Appetite control (2)

Question 1

sensory signals from smell, vision, fast can __ or __ feeding.

Answer 1

• increase

- or decrease

Question 2

foods with __ __ or __ __ content increase:

Answer 2

• sweet taste
• high fat content
• calorie ingestion

Question 3

signals over the __ from the digestive tract, inform about chewing, swallowing, __ out the __ __ __.

Answer 3

• Vagus
• stretch
• digestive tract wall

Question 4

signals over vagus are strictly __ __.

limit food __/meal & do not contribute to overall __ __.

Answer 4

• short term
• ingestion
• weight control

Question 5

(long term actions)
neuropeptide Y (NPY) & Agouti Related Peptide (AGRP)  \_\_ food intake and \_\_ energy expenditure:

Answer 5

• increases

- decreases

Question 6

corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) & Melanocortin __ food intake and __ energy expenditure
(__ sympathetic nervous activity)

Answer 6

• decrease
• increase
• increase

Question 7

mutations of __ receptors are considered the mod common monogenetic cause of obesity in humans & found in -% of early onset (childhood) severe obesity

Answer 7

• melanocortin

- 5-6%

Question 8

__ associated with cancer & severe infections, may be related to excessive production of __:

Answer 8

• anorexia

- melanocortin

Question 9

cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART):

Answer 9

decrease appetite

Question 10

(amygdala) stimulation or destruction of different areas of the amygdala can __ or __ feeding.
alters input to the __.

Answer 10

• increase
• decrease
• hypothalamus

Question 11

olfactory sense is delivered first to the __.

Answer 11

amygdala

Question 12

destruction of both sides of the amygdala ->

Answer 12

psychic blindness in choice of foods (inability to control the type and quality of food eaten)

Question 13

eating increases __ & __ levels

Answer 13

• glucose

- & insulin

Question 14

increased glucose & insulin increases activity of __ __ & decreases activity of __ __.

Answer 14

• satiety center

- feed center

Question 15

thoughts of food-> __ =hunger

Answer 15

insulin

Question 16

insulin causes a decrease in __ __, furthering __.

Answer 16

• blood glucose

- hunger

Question 17

hypoglycemia-> increased __ __ -> increasing __

Answer 17

• cortisol secretion

- appetite

Question 18

elevated glucose in the absence of insulin or with insulin sensitivity -> __ __

Answer 18

increases appetite

Question 19

ghrelin, produced when __,

-> __ appetite

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

cholecystokinin stimulates __ __, which stimulate the __ __.

Answer 20

• vagal neurons

- satiety center

Question 21

peptide YY (PYY), produced by entire __ __ in response to __ __

Answer 21

• digestive tract

- food intake

Question 22

highest levels of PYY are secreted with __ __ meal, decreasing food intake for __ __.

Answer 22

• high fat

- several hours

Question 23

metabolic changes with __. decreases activity of __, increases __ with __.

Answer 23

• age
• lipase
• weight
• age

Question 24

lipase activity can be increased by __.

Answer 24

exercise

Question 25

exercise increases __ __ & __, both stimulate __.

Answer 25

- growth hormone - epinephrine - lipolysis

Question 26

cold temperature of winter increases __, increasing __, especially for __ __ foods.

Answer 26

- thyroxin - appetite - high fat

Question 27

cold weather -> __ gain (fat provides __) & increases __.

Answer 27

- weight - insulation - thermoneogenesis

Question 28

warm temperatures-> decrease __. therefore decreasing __ & __ __.

Answer 28

- thyroxin - appetite - & weight loss

Question 29

hormones produced by adipose cells (aka?) | secreted in response to __ __ fat content.

Answer 29

- adipokines | - total body

Question 30

__ food intake & __ metabolic rate when body fat content is __.

Answer 30

- increase - decrease - decreasing

Question 31

__ food intake & __ metabolic rate when body fat content is__.

Answer 31

- decrease - increase - increasing

Question 32

some individuals with obesity problems have difficulty producing the __ or responding to them.

Answer 32

hormones

Question 33

leptin: secretion __ w/ increased fat stores, __ w/ short term fasting or weight loss.

Answer 33

- increases | - decreases

Question 34

leptin __ food intake, insulin secretion & __ levels in the blood

Answer 34

- decreases | - glucose

Question 35

leptin __ metabolic rate, temp., physical activity & __ __ oxidation. activates the __ __.

Answer 35

- increases - fatty acid - immune system

Question 36

leptin acts on the __ to increase production & release of __.

Answer 36

- hypothalamus | - CRH

Question 37

melanocortin & CART __ appetite & __ metabolic rate.

Answer 37

- decreases | - increases

Question 38

decrease or absence of __ (or inability to respond to it), increases __ __ secretion, increasing __ & __ metabolic rate.

Answer 38

- leptin - neuropeptide Y - appetite - & decreasing

Question 39

obese human children found with __ __ to produce __.

Answer 39

- genetic inability | - leptin

Question 40

obese children gain weight __ in __, have a very high __ & exhibit strong __ __ for food.

Answer 40

- rapidly - infancy - appetite - behavioral drive

Question 41

obese human adults have been found with genetic inabilities to __ to __. & have elevated __ levels in the __.

Answer 41

- respond - leptin - leptin - blood

Question 42

leptin is essential to __ the __ to cause the onset of __ and to maintain __ in adults.

Answer 42

- stimulate - hypothalamus - puberty - fertility

Question 43

adiponectin __ body weight and __ in rodents, __ thermiogenesis (heat production)

Answer 43

- reduces - fat - increases

Question 44

adiponectin increases __ __, suppresses __, & stimulates __ __ oxidation.

Answer 44

- insulin sensitivity - gluconeogensis - fatty acid

Question 45

adiponectin has ant- __ & anti-__ actions.

Answer 45

- inflammatory | - atherogenic

Question 46

resistin produced by both __ & __ __.

Answer 46

- adipocytes | - immune cells

Question 47

resistin induces __ resistance-> __ __ __II, inhibits __ and increases __ &__.

Answer 47

- insulin - diabetes mellitus type - adipogensis - thermiogensis - & gluconeogenesis

Question 48

resistin production is __ with __ & __ with even minimal __ __. -> recovery of __ sensitivity in __II.

Answer 48

- increased - obesity - decreased - weight loss - insulin - DM