F. review

Question 1

what is the cause of high altitude sickness?

Answer 1

-hypoxia

Question 2

adaptation to living at high altitude includes:

Answer 2

• all the above
• increased production of RBC’s
• increased growth of capillaries
• increased mitochondrial content & activity

Question 3

erythropoietin causes:

Answer 3

-increased production of RBC’s

Question 4

which change in the heart occurs due to changes that occur in lung anatomy during long term adaptation at high altitude?

Answer 4

-hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Question 5

at sea level, hemoglobin:

Answer 5

-becomes close to fully saturated with oxygen in the lungs

Question 6

which symptoms are observed in high altitude sickness?

Answer 6

-hallucinations
-muscle fatigue
-nausea
(*NOT increased desire for physical activity)

Question 7

which physical change increases the rate of diffusion of gases in the lungs?

Answer 7

-increased surface area of pulmonary capillaries

Question 8

which aspect of body composition is advantageous to living at high altitude?

Answer 8

-decreased height

Question 9

what are epigenetic modifications?

Answer 9

-methylation of DNA
-methylation of histones
-phosphorylation of histones
(*NOT mutation of the nucleotide sequence of a gene)

Question 10

DNA is coiled around:

Answer 10

-histones

Question 11

which type of molecule can cause epigenetic changes?

Answer 11

• (all)
• cytokines
• hormones
• neuromodulators

Question 12

which process permanently inactivates a gene’s ability to be expressed?

Answer 12

-methylation of DNA

Question 13

which process can activate a gene’s ability to be expressed?

Answer 13

• (all)
• acetylation of histones
• phosphorylation of histones
• methylation of histones

Question 14

transcription factors bind to:

Answer 14

-promoters
-enhancers
-non-coding DNA
(*NOT histones)

Question 15

epigenetic changes are involved in the process of:

Answer 15

• (all)
• embryonic different ion of cells
• alteration of neuron fxns in response to trauma
• differentiation of adult stem cells into specialized cells

Question 16

terms correctly matched with its definition:

Answer 16

• transcription factor=a protein that can bind to DNA to regulate gene transcription
• promoter=a region of DNA near a gene that regulates the ability of the gene to be expressed
• enhancer=a region of DNA distant from a gene that regulates the ability of the gene to be expressed

Question 17

statement about epigenetics that is true:

Answer 17

-microRNA’s can bind to mRNA’s & block their translation into proteins