lec 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The small intestine functions

A

the digestion and absorption of nutrients

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2
Q

The small intestine

A
  1. mixes nutrients with digestive enzymes,
  2. exposes the digested nutrients to the absorptive mucosa,
  3. propels any non-absorbed material to the large intestine
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3
Q

Segmentation contractions

A

A section of small intestine contracts, sending the intestinal contents (chyme) in both orad and caudad directions.

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4
Q

Segmentation contractions

A

section of small intestine contract then relaxes and the contents move back into the segment

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5
Q

segmentation contractions produces

A

back-and-forth movement

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6
Q

This back-and-forth movement produced by segmentation contractions causes

A

mixes nutrients with digestive enzymes, without any net forward movement of the chyme.
exposes the digested nutrients to the absorptive mucosa

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7
Q

The maximum frequency of the segmentation contractions in the small intestine is determined by the frequency o

A

electrical slow waves in the intestinal wall

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8
Q

maximum frequency of the segmentation contractions =

A

12 per minute in the duodenum and proximal jejunum)

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9
Q

maximum frequency occurs

A

only under extreme conditions of stimulation

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10
Q

the maximum frequency of terminal ileum

A

8-9 contractions per minute

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11
Q

atropine effect on The segmentation contractions

A

The segmentation contractions become exceedingly weak when the excitatory activity of the enteric nervous system is blocked by the drug atropine

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12
Q

Peristaltic contractions function

A

1.cause progression of chyme toward the ileocecal valve, Cause propel the chyme through the small intestine toward the large intestine
to spread out the chyme along the intestinal mucosa

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13
Q

peristalsis occurs

A

after digestion and absorption have taken place.

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14
Q

peristaltic waves are

A

highly coordinated Contraction behind the bolus and, simultaneously, relaxation in front of the bolus cause the chyme to be propelled caudally

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15
Q

The peristaltic reflex is

A

coordinated by the enteric nervous system

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16
Q

The peristaltic waves can occur velocity

A

of 0.5 to 2.0 cm/sec (averages only 1 cm/min)

17
Q

The peristaltic waves faster in

A

the proximal intestine

18
Q

The peristaltic waves slower in

A

the terminal intestine

19
Q

The peristaltic waves are normally weak and usually die out after traveling only

A

3 to 5 centimeters, rarely travel farther than 10 centimeters

20
Q

The peristaltic waves forward movement of the chyme is very slow so it takes

A

3 to 5 hours for passage of chyme from the pylorus to the ileocecal valve

21
Q

Activity of the small intestine is greatly increased

A
  1. after a meal
  2. gastro-enteric reflex
  3. several hormonal factors
22
Q

Activity of the small intestine is greatly increased after a meal is caused by

A

the beginning entry of chyme into the

duodenum, causing stretch of the duodenal wall.

23
Q

gastro-enteric reflex is initiated by

A

distention of the stomach and conducted principally through the myenteric plexus from the stomach down along the wall of the small intestine

24
Q

enhance intestinal motility by

A

gastrin, CCK, insulin, motilin, and serotonin

25
Q

inhibit small intestinal motility by

A

secretin and glucagon

26
Q

peristalsis, is predominates in

A

the esophagus, and the large intestine

27
Q

segmentation contractions is predominates in

A

the large intestine and small intestine

28
Q

Peristaltic rush

A

powerful and rapid peristalsis due to infectious diarrhea

29
Q

peristalsis in the small intestine

A

normally weak,

30
Q

Peristaltic rush is initiated

A
  1. by nervous reflexes that involve the autonomic nervous system and brain stem
  2. myenteric plexus reflexes
31
Q

Weak anti-peristalsis is sometime seen

A

in the colon

32
Q

Gut law

A

waves pass regularly in an oral-caudal

direction

33
Q

The powerful peristaltic contractions (rash)

A

1.travel long distances in the small intestine within minutes
2.sweepingتكنس the contents of the intestine into the colon and

thereby relieving the small intestine of 1.irritative chyme and 2.excessive distention

34
Q

Movements caused by the muscularis mucosae and muscle fibers of the Villi

A

1.cause short folds to appear in the intestinal mucosa> ↑ the surface area→ ↑ absorption
2.individual fibers from this muscle extend into the intestinal villi and cause them to
contract intermittently

35
Q

ggg

A

41+40