[Lec 8] Key Terms: Regulation of Eukaryotic Transcription Flashcards
Prokaryotic Transcription Regulation
activator binds immediately upstream of polymerase and directly contacts polymerase
Eukaryotic Transcription Regulation
activator interact with many proteins to recruit general transcription factors and RNA polymerase from a distance, leading loop in the DNA
bromodomain proteins
recognize acetylated lysine residues (these are found at the N-terminus of histones) transcriptionally active DNA
chromodomain residues
typically interacts with methylated residues on the histone tails; involved in transcriptional chromatin organization
Repressor-directed histone deacetylation
when promoter DNA is assembled onto a nucleosome with unacetylated histones; GTFs cannot bind to the TATA box
insulator
control the action of enhancers
homeodomain protein
binds DNA in standard helix-turn-helix; closely related to DNA binding proteins found in prokaryotic cell
Zinc finger domain
helix binds in the major groove; zinc stabilizes structure; protein can link 2 or more of these domains together to bind more than one major groove
Leucine zipper motif
must dimerize to bind DNA; bind into major grooves on opposite faces of the DNA
helix-loop-helix
two different helical regions of each protein; dimerizes in order to bind DNA; binds in major groove on opposite faces of DNA
heterodimerization
expands diversity of regulatory factors that can be generated
combinational control
multiple activators or repressors that make signals
direct cooperative binding
two bind together and bind next to each other on DNA binding site
indirect cooperative binding
two bind onto a protein and bind onto DNA with protein in the middle
cooperative binding with modifier
recruiting a histone modifier to reveal binding site
