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LS 3 Key Terms > [Lec 6] Key Terms: Transcription II > Flashcards

[Lec 6] Key Terms: Transcription II Flashcards

1
Q

Polymerase II

A

makes heterogenous nuclear RNA and small nuclear RNA

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2
Q

Polymerase III

A

makes precursors to tRNA; 5S rRNA and other small RNAs

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3
Q

core promoter

A

typically 40 to 60 nucleotides long; contains a subset of elements; can extend upstream or downstream of transcription start site; need TATA box or DPE in conjuction with other elements

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4
Q

General Functions of GTFs

A
  1. help polymerase bind
  2. melt DNA (open complex)
  3. aid in promoter escape and elongation
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5
Q

TFIID

A
  1. a multi subunit complex which binds to DNA first
  2. TBP (TATA Binding Protein) is one of the subunits
  3. TAFs is another subunit (TATA Associated Factors)
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6
Q

TBP

A

binds the minor groove and distorts DNA

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7
Q

TAFs

A

bind downstream element such and initiation; structural homology to histone proteins, small, and basic

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8
Q

TFIIA

A

2nd step; a 2 subunit protein complex that stabilizes intereaction of TFIID-TFIIB DNA; acts as anti-repressor

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9
Q

TFIIB

A

3rd step; an one subunit and binds both DNA and TFIID; binds in an asymmetric fashion that helps set up directionality

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10
Q

TFIIF

A

4th step; further stabilizes complex and has 2 subunits

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11
Q

Pol II

A

5th step

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12
Q

TFIIE

A

6th step; recruits TFIIH

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13
Q

TFIIH

A

actually 10 subunits, size of Pol II; promotes DNA melting in an ATP dependent manner; “feeds” DNA into Pol II which promotes melting

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14
Q

Mediator Complex

A

Med17 only subunit required for transcription of all Pol II genes; other subunits are only require for transcription of some genes

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15
Q

Promoter Escape

A
  1. requires ATP for energy
  2. requires CTD phosphorylation
  3. Pol II now sheds GTFs and begins elongation
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16
Q

Elongation

A
  1. Phosphorylation recruits new proteins to the GTD tail
  2. TFIIS stimulates elongation by decreasing time RNA Pol II spends paused
  3. SPT5 helps remove initiation factors and start elongation
  4. P-TEFp phosphorylates Serine, SPT5, and recruits proteins
17
Q

5’-methylguanine cap

A

protects mRNA from exonucleases; distinguishes mRNA from other RNAs and help recruit mRNA to ribosomes

18
Q

Poly-A tail

A

stabilizes mRNA; distingushes from other RNAs, and aids in export from the nucleus

19
Q

Termination

A
  1. polyadenylation stimulates termination
  2. second RNA molecule is made by RNA Pol II
  3. Xrn2 recognizes uncapped second strand
  4. degrades RNA and pushes RNA Pol II off DNA

LS 3 Key Terms (8 decks)

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