Lec 8- IV fluids

Question 1

What is in the IV medicine

Answer 1

• Drug
• Solubilising agent
• Preservatives
• Anti-oxidants
• pH adjusters
• Buffer
• Tonicity adjusting agents
• Surfactant/Stabilising agents
• Suspending agents

Question 2

Stability may be altered

Answer 2

• Light
• pH
• Oxygen
• Water
• Incorrect diluents
• Temperature
• Contact with other medicines

Question 3

IV administration

Advantages

Answer 3

• Might not be available in another form
• Does not require swallow reflex, consciousness or co-operation
• Constant or high blood levels
• Rapid onset of effect
• Increased effectiveness

Question 4

IV administration

Disadvantages

Answer 4

• Expensive
• Nursing time for preparation
• Care needed for adminstration
• Not always suitable for home use
• Potential for volume overload
• Infection risk
• Extravasation

Question 5

Nursing care and IV medicines

Answer 5

• Preparation and checking
• IV site
• Container
• Setting and checking of rates
• Monitoring
• Documentation

Question 6

Administration timing

Answer 6

• IV Bolus: This is the giving of a medicine diluted in a small amount of diluent, normally water for injection or 0.9% NaCl, into a vein, over a short period of time, usually 3-10 minutes
• Intermittent IV infusion: The addition of a medicine to a small volume bag of IV fluid and administered over a short period of time e.g. 100mL over 60 minutes
• Continuous IV infusion: An addition of medicine to a small volume of fluid in a syringe to be given by a slow infusion by a motorised pump continuously

Question 7

Problems encountered with IV drug administered

Answer 7

• Inadequate mixing
• Extravasation
• Infection
• Emboli
• Anaphylaxis

Question 8

Information provision

Answer 8

• Reconstitution diluent and volume
• Further dilution fluid and volume/concentration
• Rates of administered
• Monitoring
• Extra precautions
• Compatibilities