Lec 8

Question 1

Measurement error: Random factors:

Answer 1

Doesn’t affect the average, only increases the variability and makes distributions wider

• Transitory personal factors
• Random environmental factors

Question 2

Measurement error: Systemic factors:

Answer 2

The variation doesn’t increase, but the average changes; big influence on re

• Factors that systematically affect the measurement
• Cause bias in the measurement

Question 3

Reliability:

Answer 3

The tendency of a measurement instrument to provide the same comparative information on repeated occasions

Question 4

Validity:

Answer 4

The degree to which a tool measures what it claims to measure

Question 5

Face validity:

Answer 5

the degree to which a test is subjectively seen as covering the concept it claims to measure

Question 6

Construct validity:

Answer 6

the accuracy of inferences made based on observations or measurements (often test scores), in particular, whether a test measures the intended construct.

Question 7

Convergent validity

Answer 7

a parameter commonly used in sociology, psychology, and other behavioral sciences, refers to the extent to which two measures of constructs that should be theoretically related are actually related

Question 8

Criterion validity:

Answer 8

the extent to which an operationalization of a construct, such as a test, relates to, or predicts, a theoretical representation of the construct — the criterion

Question 9

Concurrent validity:

Answer 9

a comparison between the measure in question and an outcome that is assessed at the same time.

Question 10

Tackling pitfalls: MMPI 2 scales:

Answer 10

• L scale: weaknesses everyone will admit to

- F scale: low baseline events that most individuals will respond falsely to

Question 11

Tackling pitfalls: TRIN:

Answer 11

True Response Inconsistency

-measure compliance

Question 12

Tackling pitfalls: VRIN:

Answer 12

Variable Response Inconsistency

-Repeated questions using different wording

Question 13

score on VRIN and which MMPI scale for malingering?

Answer 13

Normal VRIN and high F scale (never told a lie)

Question 14

Signal Detection Theory:

Answer 14

A method for measuring a system’s ability to detect patterns/stimuli/signals in information despite background noise

Question 15

Sensitivity:

Answer 15

Proportion of recidivists previously assessed a s high risk

Question 16

Specificity:

Answer 16

Proportion of non-recidivists previously assessed a low risk

Question 17

NPV: Negative Predictive Value:

Answer 17

The proportion of offenders who were assessed as low risk, and who later did not re-offend

Question 18

PPV: Positive Predictive Value:

Answer 18

The proportion of offenders who were assessed as high risk, and actually reoffended

Question 19

NSD: Number Safety Discharged:

Answer 19

Number of low-risk patients who may be discharged before recidivism occurs

Question 20

NND: Number Needed to Detain:

Answer 20

Number of high-risk patients who need to be locked up to avoid one recidivism

Question 21

Neurobiological factors that have an impact on offending and reoffending behavior:

Answer 21

• Acquired brain damage
• Neurological disorders
• Genetic abnormalities

Question 22

Fingerprinting:

Answer 22

reducing dimensions to maximally dissociate and the best characterize individuals (antisocial)

Question 23

Neurobiological info in forensic questions helps with:

Answer 23

• Criminal responsibility
• Risk assessment
• Risk management

Question 24

Psycho-legal fallacy:

Answer 24

This is the mistake of assuming that identifying a biomechanical cause by itself excuses the behavior