Lec 7

Question 1

General nose information

Answer 1

Components: external nose and nasal cavaties
Functions in breathing, olfaction, air conditioning
Olfactory epithelium develop from olfactory placade lies in roof and up 1/3 of nasal cavity

Question 2

Describe the external nose

Answer 2

3 sided pyramid shape. Bones: Nasal, frontal process of maxilla, nasal process of frontal bone, bones of nasal septum.
Elastic Cartilage: 2 lat, 2 alar, 1 septal
Skin: firmly attached to cartilage part more free on bone

Question 3

What are the openings of the nose

Answer 3

external nares - nostrils
internal nares - chonae to nasopharynx
nasal septum - divides 2 cavaties

Question 4

Medial wall - Nasal Septum information

Answer 4

Osseocartilaginous covered by mucous membrane
Parts
Bony - vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Cartilage - spetal and septal process of inf nasal
* go along medial wall to perform transnasal ablation of pit tumor

Question 5

Describe little’s/kissel bach area

Answer 5

At anterior part of nasal septum and vestible, near atrium of mid meatus. Anastomos of arteries: FEGS
F- Sup labial branch of facial
E - Anterior ethmoidal of opthalmic
G - Greater palatine of maxillary
S - Sphenopalatine of maxillary
Area has a predisposition to epitaxis (finger num and increased bp), most vulnerable site is S+G

Question 6

Lateral Wall of nose

Answer 6

Irregular surface due to conchae to increase SA
Sup and Mid C = ethmoid bone
Inf = seperate bone
Post part - conchae and 4 spaces - ant, med, post, sphenoethmoidal meatus

Question 7

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 7

4 (MEFS) 2 paired

Paired = Frontal and Maxillary, UnP = ethmoidal and sphenoidal

Question 8

Describe the maxillary sinus

Answer 8

Largest and first to develop, opens into post part of hiatus semilunaris which is close to the roof therefore needs ciliary action to drain. N/A superior alveolar nerve and vessel. Accessed surgically via lateral wall inferior meatus or vestibule of mouth.

Question 9

Spenoidal Sinus

Answer 9

3rd to develop, vulnerable to diseases to pituitary drains to sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 10

Describe the Meastuses

Answer 10

1. Inferior - largestm nasolacrimal duct opens at jx of ant1/3 and post 2/3
2. Mid - ethmoidal bulla (rounded elevation produced by mid ethmoidal sinus) Hiatus Semilunaris ( deep semicircular sulcus below ethmoidal bulla and receives drainage from FAMM sinus)
3. Sup - shortest, drains post ethmoidal site
4. Sphenoethmoidal recess - triangular fossa sup to sup conchae, receives opening of sphenoidal air sinus

Question 11

Describe nourishment of face

Answer 11

Arterial: facial and sup temporal from ECA, Supratrochlear and supraorbital from opthalmic
Venous: SupraT and SupraO, angular, facial, common facial, IJV
Abnormal vein drian Danger are - retrograde from facial, angular, opthalmic to cavernous sinus

Question 12

Describe General features of oral cavity and teeth

Answer 12

Palatopharyngeal fold - Palatine tonsils - Palatoglossal fold
Tongue drained by deep lingual veins
Central incisors - lat incisors - canines - 2 premolars - 3 molars each made from crown - neck - root

Question 13

Important landmarks of Mandible

Answer 13

Mental spine - Digastric fossa - mylohyoid line, angle, groove of nerve - mylohyoid - mandibular foramen, lingular condyle (TMJ), coronoid process

Question 14

Roof of mouth landmarks

Answer 14

Incisor fossa - hard palate - soft palate

Question 15

Sensory innervation of roof of mouth

Answer 15

Greater palaine and nasopalatine

Question 16

Muscles of the roof of the mouth

Answer 16

Fx to close nasal passage during swallowing and speaking
Around Aud tube: tensor veli palatini, Levator veli palatini, Palatopharyngeus
Muscles to tongue from palate: Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeus

Question 17

Information of tongue

Answer 17

Papillae - tastebuds: fungiform, filiform, foliae, vellae
Muscles: intrinsic and extrinsic
Nerves: 4 pharyngeal arch and hypoglossus (m)
Vessels: lingual art - dorsal lingual, sublingual, suprahyoid terms as deep lingual
Lingual tonsils: Collection of lymph follicles on dorsal surface of post 1/3 tongue

Question 18

Muscles of tongue

Answer 18

Genioglossus - down and out
Hyoglossus - down and in
Styloglossus - up and in
Palatoglossus - up
*If genioglossus falls back = asphyxation

Question 19

Lymph drainage of mouth

Answer 19

U, lat lip - Submandibular
Med - submental
Teeth and gums ultimately to deep cervical
  Roof - sup deep cervical
  Medial body - inf deep cervical
  Lat body - submandibular
  apex - submental
Nose and paranasal sinus - submandibular
Deep cervicals
  Ant mouth to jugulomohyoid
  Post mouth to jugulodigastric

Question 20

Innervation of tongue

Answer 20

ant 2/3 - lingual (s) chorda tympani (t)
post 1/3 and vallate - glossopharyngeal
ant to epiglottis - int laryngeal of vagus