Lec 7 Flashcards
(20 cards)
General nose information
Components: external nose and nasal cavaties
Functions in breathing, olfaction, air conditioning
Olfactory epithelium develop from olfactory placade lies in roof and up 1/3 of nasal cavity
Describe the external nose
3 sided pyramid shape. Bones: Nasal, frontal process of maxilla, nasal process of frontal bone, bones of nasal septum.
Elastic Cartilage: 2 lat, 2 alar, 1 septal
Skin: firmly attached to cartilage part more free on bone
What are the openings of the nose
external nares - nostrils
internal nares - chonae to nasopharynx
nasal septum - divides 2 cavaties
Medial wall - Nasal Septum information
Osseocartilaginous covered by mucous membrane
Parts
Bony - vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Cartilage - spetal and septal process of inf nasal
* go along medial wall to perform transnasal ablation of pit tumor
Describe little’s/kissel bach area
At anterior part of nasal septum and vestible, near atrium of mid meatus. Anastomos of arteries: FEGS
F- Sup labial branch of facial
E - Anterior ethmoidal of opthalmic
G - Greater palatine of maxillary
S - Sphenopalatine of maxillary
Area has a predisposition to epitaxis (finger num and increased bp), most vulnerable site is S+G
Lateral Wall of nose
Irregular surface due to conchae to increase SA
Sup and Mid C = ethmoid bone
Inf = seperate bone
Post part - conchae and 4 spaces - ant, med, post, sphenoethmoidal meatus
Paranasal Sinuses
4 (MEFS) 2 paired
Paired = Frontal and Maxillary, UnP = ethmoidal and sphenoidal
Describe the maxillary sinus
Largest and first to develop, opens into post part of hiatus semilunaris which is close to the roof therefore needs ciliary action to drain. N/A superior alveolar nerve and vessel. Accessed surgically via lateral wall inferior meatus or vestibule of mouth.
Spenoidal Sinus
3rd to develop, vulnerable to diseases to pituitary drains to sphenoethmoidal recess
Describe the Meastuses
- Inferior - largestm nasolacrimal duct opens at jx of ant1/3 and post 2/3
- Mid - ethmoidal bulla (rounded elevation produced by mid ethmoidal sinus) Hiatus Semilunaris ( deep semicircular sulcus below ethmoidal bulla and receives drainage from FAMM sinus)
- Sup - shortest, drains post ethmoidal site
- Sphenoethmoidal recess - triangular fossa sup to sup conchae, receives opening of sphenoidal air sinus
Describe nourishment of face
Arterial: facial and sup temporal from ECA, Supratrochlear and supraorbital from opthalmic
Venous: SupraT and SupraO, angular, facial, common facial, IJV
Abnormal vein drian Danger are - retrograde from facial, angular, opthalmic to cavernous sinus
Describe General features of oral cavity and teeth
Palatopharyngeal fold - Palatine tonsils - Palatoglossal fold
Tongue drained by deep lingual veins
Central incisors - lat incisors - canines - 2 premolars - 3 molars each made from crown - neck - root
Important landmarks of Mandible
Mental spine - Digastric fossa - mylohyoid line, angle, groove of nerve - mylohyoid - mandibular foramen, lingular condyle (TMJ), coronoid process
Roof of mouth landmarks
Incisor fossa - hard palate - soft palate
Sensory innervation of roof of mouth
Greater palaine and nasopalatine
Muscles of the roof of the mouth
Fx to close nasal passage during swallowing and speaking
Around Aud tube: tensor veli palatini, Levator veli palatini, Palatopharyngeus
Muscles to tongue from palate: Palatoglossus, Palatopharyngeus
Information of tongue
Papillae - tastebuds: fungiform, filiform, foliae, vellae
Muscles: intrinsic and extrinsic
Nerves: 4 pharyngeal arch and hypoglossus (m)
Vessels: lingual art - dorsal lingual, sublingual, suprahyoid terms as deep lingual
Lingual tonsils: Collection of lymph follicles on dorsal surface of post 1/3 tongue
Muscles of tongue
Genioglossus - down and out Hyoglossus - down and in Styloglossus - up and in Palatoglossus - up *If genioglossus falls back = asphyxation
Lymph drainage of mouth
U, lat lip - Submandibular Med - submental Teeth and gums ultimately to deep cervical Roof - sup deep cervical Medial body - inf deep cervical Lat body - submandibular apex - submental Nose and paranasal sinus - submandibular Deep cervicals Ant mouth to jugulomohyoid Post mouth to jugulodigastric
Innervation of tongue
ant 2/3 - lingual (s) chorda tympani (t)
post 1/3 and vallate - glossopharyngeal
ant to epiglottis - int laryngeal of vagus
