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ECOL 1001 > lec 6 Riparian systems > Flashcards

lec 6 Riparian systems Flashcards

1
Q

where was human civilization born

A

fertile crescent

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2
Q

what are characteristics of rivers and streams based on

A
  • where in the watershed they are found
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3
Q

where do riparian communities occur

A

-along natural water sources lined by thin strips of lush vegetation

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4
Q

t or f- riparian communities influence settlement patterns

A

true

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5
Q

in ontario, what is the flood risk area defined by

A

-flooding hazard limit; determined by the 100- yr peak flow, regional storm or teh highest observed flood

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6
Q

t or false; flooding is a natural process and is necessary for maintaining function and biodiversity of aquatic and terrestrial systems

A

true

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7
Q

what 4 things do floodwaters create?

A
  • critically important habitat
  • return nutrients to land
  • recharge groundwater
  • replenish topsoil
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8
Q

–% of all wetland life is born and raised in the first _ -_ m of the water’s edge. what is this called?

A

90; 10-15m

-shoreline

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9
Q

where is the riparian zone located?

A

-land closest to the shore, between developed land and water

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10
Q

why is the riparian zone essential?

A

-lessens movement of sediment, nutrients and pesticides and other debris from getting into water

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11
Q

t or f; grasses are better at preventing erosion along the shoreline vs other shrubs such as willows and dogwoods

A

false; naturally occurring, deeper root system

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12
Q

what are 3 outcomes of removing natural vegetation from a shoreline

A
  • increase pollution
  • reduce shade
  • destroy habitat for spawning fish
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13
Q

how can we preserve natural shorelines?

A

bioengineering- retention and enhancement of the stream edge with natural materials

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14
Q

what are the 5 methods of bioengineering?

A
  1. live stakes
  2. fascines
  3. brush layering
    4, brush mats
  4. live crib walls
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15
Q

describe live stakes, where is it effective?

A
  • installation of live cuttings that act as stakes ; most have opportunity to grow
  • good on slopes to help minor erosion/ uncomplicated areas via root system of plant
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16
Q

what is a fascine? what are benefits? where applied?

A
  • rope shaped bundle of live cuttings, put together with twine and then installed along the edge
  • little site disturbance, effective erosion control
  • small streams less than 5m wide, 1.5m bank heights
17
Q

what is brush layering?

A

-live woody plant material woven into geotextiles placed into slope face along trenches excavated along slope contours; acts as live fence

18
Q

what is a live crib wall?

A

3d structure created from untreated lumber, fill and live cuttings –> retaining wall
-results in wood decomposing and resulting root mass binds to soil fill to create single coherent mass

19
Q

what are the 4 most popular plants to be implemented in bioengineering?

A

dogwood, willow, cottonwood and popular

20
Q

what is our role as landscape designer to improve/ implement ecological engineering?

A
  • deal with managing stormwater on site

- use low impact development

21
Q

what is low impact development (LID)

A

innovative stormwater management approach that treats, infiltrates, filters and retains runoff at the source

22
Q

what 4 things most architects, engineers, ecologists and planners work together to do

A
  1. cluster development
  2. minimize total disturbed area
  3. protect natural flow pathways
  4. protect riparian buffers
23
Q

what are the 5 LID principles?

A
  1. use existing natural systems as the integrating framework for site planning
  2. focus on prevention
  3. treat stormwater close to the source
  4. emp. simple, nonstructural low tech low cost methods
  5. create multifunctional landscape
24
Q

what are vegetative filter strips

A
  • vegetated open space that treat stormwater by slowing t down and allowing sediment and pollutants to settle out of run off
  • less than 5% slope and dense vegetation
25
Q

what is a bioswales

A
  • vegetated channels that slowly convey, filter and infiltrate stormwater
  • 1-6% slope - vegetation shouldn’t need additional irrigation or fertilizer
26
Q

what is a rain garden

A

shallow, vegetated depressions that collect and absorb runoff from surrounding areas
-should infiltrate 30% more stormwater than lawn

27
Q

what are stormwater planters

A

specialized containers designed to capture stormwater runoff and treated pollutants within urban area
-plants must be std water tolerant and not invasive

28
Q

what % runoff gets reduced by using green roofs

A

50%

ECOL 1001 (8 decks)

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