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ECOL 1001 > LEC 1&2: DEF'N & LEVELS OF ECO SYSTEMS > Flashcards

LEC 1&2: DEF'N & LEVELS OF ECO SYSTEMS Flashcards

1
Q

what is sustainability?

A

an economic, social and environmental concept that involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs

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2
Q

what are the 3 pillars of sustainability?

A
  1. environment
  2. economic
  3. social
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3
Q

what percent of canadians live in ‘urbanized’ areas?

A

83

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4
Q

what are the 4 major themes involved in ecological footprint calculations?

A
  1. food
  2. shelter
  3. transportation
  4. consumption
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5
Q

what does SITES stand for?

A

Sustainable Sites Initiative

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6
Q

what is SITES

A

program based on understanding that land is crucial component of the built env’t and can be planned, designed, developed and maintained to protect and enhance benefits we derive from healthy functioning landscapes

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7
Q

what is Sustainable Sites equivalent to?

A

LEED in architecture

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8
Q

how do plants benefit our env’t?

A

detoxify and cleanse air, soil and water through evaporation, transpiration and carbon uptake

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9
Q

how do trees benefit our env’t?

A

regulate climate by providing shade and acting as a windbreak

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10
Q

how does vegetation benefit our env’t?

A
  • helps with erosion control; prevents deposition of sediment and prevents loss of soil foundation
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11
Q

how do pollinator species help our ecosystem?

A

promote growth of plants and crops

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12
Q

how do wetlands benefit our ecosystem?

A

protect against damaging floods, improve water quality

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13
Q

what are contributing factors that benefit our ecosystem/ Ecosystem Services?

A
  1. plants- detoxify air, soil and water
  2. trees- regulate climate via shade and windbreak
  3. vegetation- erosion control
  4. pollinator species- growth plants and crops
  5. wetlands- protecting against floods, improve water quality
  6. sense of place- improve human health and well- being
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14
Q

define ecology

A

’ The science that focuses on how organisms interact with one another and with their nonliving env’t of matter and energy’

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15
Q

what are the 5 levels of ecology that interact with another

A
  1. biomes
  2. ecosystem
  3. communities
  4. population
  5. organism
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16
Q

applied vs pure science

A

applied: understanding how the findings fit within the real world
Pure: documentation of structure and functions- descriptive and unsystematic

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17
Q

what was the concept that Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace came up with?

A

Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection; indv with certain traits are more likely to survive and reproduce under a particular set of env’ conditions vs those without

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18
Q

who first came up with the idea that organisms change over time and descend from a single common ancestor?

A

early greek philosophers

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19
Q

what is Permaculture

A
  • combo of science and philosophy, considered pseudoscience, not based on scientific processes
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20
Q

what does Hügelkultur mean? Why doesn’t it work?

A

‘mound gardening’ ; upside down gardening - put woody material on bottom, then more broken down material then soil on top
–> doesn’t make sense ; doesn’t occur in nature

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21
Q

what is lasagna gardening? why doesn’t it work

A
  • based on mulching; prep soil for planting (remove weeds, replenish nutrients) then alt layers of cardboard and compost
  • -> doesn’t work because cardboard is a barrier to water and oxygen movement , results of soil becoming oxygen deficient
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22
Q

what is the CRAP test

A 
-evaluate garden info 
Credible -resource
Relevant- to you as a gardener 
Accurate- dated 
Purpose - give you info or sell product
23
Q

what are the 3 sources of accessing garden info? Additional resources?

A
  1. scientific journals 2. professional journals 3. books and magazines 4. online .edu or .gov sites NOT .com
24
Q

what are biomes?

A

-large regions such as forests, deserts and grasslands with distinct climates and species adapted to them

25
Q

what are biomes made of?

A

biotic (living) and abiotic (non living) things

26
Q

what are biotic components?

A

plants, animals, microbes, organisms

27
Q

what are abiotic components?

A

water, air, nutrients, rocks, heat, solar energy

28
Q

describe tundra

A
  • characterized by permafrost; amount of vegetation able to grow reduces farther north
  • usually only flora and fauna can grow
29
Q

what flora and fauna can grow in tundra?

A
  • lichens, mosses, grasses, sedges, dwarf trees

- some birds, insects; migration

30
Q

describe Taiga

A
  • northern coniferous forest belt across NA and Eurasia

- liquid water unavailable for most of year–> extended hibernation period –> lack of diversity

31
Q

what flora can grow in Taiga

A

pines, larch, birch, aspen, spruce

32
Q

describe Temperate forest

A

periods where liquid water in short supply because evaporation > precipitation and soil water
–> mixed conifer and broad-lead forests of NA and central europe to broad leaf evergreen forests of lower lat.

33
Q

describe Temperate forest fauna

A

often migratory

34
Q

describe Grasslands/ Savanna

A

-seasonal drought, role of climate overridden by effects of grazing animals –> flora must be able to withstand frequent defoliation

35
Q

describe fauna of grasslands/ savanna

A

-grazers, migrating birds, few

36
Q

describe Chaparral

A

mediterranean type climate

  • less rainfall than grasslands
  • hard-leaved scrub, woody plants
  • fire-dependent
37
Q

describe desert

A
  • extreme water shortage >25cm / yr
  • hot and cold climates
  • flora; opportunistic or slow growing, adaptation such as closed stomata
38
Q

describe tropical rainforest

A
  • most productive biome
  • high solar radiation and reg rainfall
  • high species richness
39
Q

describe ecosystem

A

a community of plants and animals within a particular physical env’t, which are linked by a flow through non living and living parts of system

40
Q

what is the canadian shield? how is it an example of linkage?

A

specific type of bedrock with unique properties- weathering of this rock creates soils that are favourable to some species
ex canadian shield soil in warm climates would result in different plant and animal communities than cold weather climates ie abiotic factors (geology and climate) affect biotic ( plants and animals)

41
Q

what is community?

A

a nauturally occuring, non random collection of plant and animal life within a specific env’t

42
Q

what 3 things can communities be named after?

A
  1. dominant species ex maple forest
  2. physical feature ex wetland
  3. location ex temperate rainforest
43
Q

what is population?

A

a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species

44
Q

why are pop’ns formed? (4)

A
  1. species cluster where resources available
  2. indv in groups have better chance of getting resources vs solo
  3. protection from predators
  4. packs give predator species better chance at meal
45
Q

what is organism?

A

an individual living being

46
Q

how many earth’s would we need if everyone lived like canadians? why did this happen?

A
  1. 7
    - family life put on hold during WW2 and during great depression
    - post war, biggest consumerism assoc with the housing boom–> cue suburbs
47
Q

when did ecology first emmerge?

A

1960s

48
Q

what occurred in regards to Ecology in 1969?

A
  • Multiply and Subdue Earth
  • first integrated policy changes in regard to env’t
  • relized problems that can occur with lack of planning and thoughtless habitation
49
Q

describe the 1969 nature in the city

A

-Ian Mcharg
“no human action should proceed without a study of its suitability in regard to topography…. and other features of the site” ie inv and analysis
-case study in Philadelphia

50
Q

describe ecology sig event in 1973?

A
  • Guidelines for Site Planning

- by Mcharg Roberts and Tod ; ecological inv with summary sheets

51
Q

describe ecology sig event in in 1976

A

Environemental Resources of the Toronto Central Waterfront

  • Mchard roberts and todd
  • inventory, interpretation, synthesis and performance requirement for future
52
Q

describe ecology sig event in 1984

A

Granite Garden

  • Anne Whiston Spirn
  • “cities are part of nature and should be designed with nature”
53
Q

describe ecology sig event in 2006

A

Design for Ecological Democracy

  • Randolph Hester
  • “the big wild” outside LA
  • blended science and democracy
54
Q

describe ecology sig event in 2015

A

Planting in the Post- wild world

  • Thomas Rainer and Claudia West
  • guide creating ecologically connected landscapes

ECOL 1001 (8 decks)

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