lec 6. dorsalisation

Question 1

what different concentrations of chordin induces

Answer 1

high -> neural plate
little -> neural plate border
none -> ectoderm

Question 2

neural plate border

Answer 2

cells between the ectoderm and neural plate which becomes the neural crest cells and dorsal roof plate cells

Question 3

formation of neural crest cells

Answer 3

little chordin/little BMP induces Msx1 which along with Wnts and FGFs turns on other TFs that upregulates C-myc, Id, and Snail

Question 4

C-myc

Answer 4

causes neural crest cells to proliferate

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

causes neural crest cells to be multipotent (sets up stem cell niche)

Question 6

Snail

Answer 6

cells neural crest cells to undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition so they migrate away from the border

Question 7

what do cells under influences of snail become

Answer 7

cells that migrate beneath the ectoderm become the sensory nervous system.
cells that migrate between somites and neural tube become SNS, PNS, and adrenal cells

Question 8

dorsal roof plate cells

Answer 8

dont express snail so they stay in the neural plate border and upregulate Wnts + 7 BMPs that diffuse in the dorsal neural tube and induce TFs (Pax6, Pac7, Pax3) which induce neural tube progenitors to acqurie ‘dorsal identities’

Question 9

neural tube progenitor differentiation

Answer 9

differentiate into a progenitor that stays in the same place and a daughter that moves radially to become a neuron