lec 6-7 kahoot

Question 1

most active compounds are?

Answer 1

hydrophobic

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE

All types of parenteral administration result in 100% bioavailability of a drug compound

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following renal processes results in movement of the molecule from urine to the blood

Answer 3

tubular reabsorption

works against active secretion and filtration, if a drug is sufficiently lipid soluble in urine it will go down passively its chemical gradient back into bloodstream
-if its in blood stream it can circle back and have the effect again

Question 4

glomerular filtration

Answer 4

driven by pressure

higher concentration of drug, it is going to push that drug quicker into urine!

selective filtration prevents loss of plasma proteins maintaining osmotic gradient

not saturated

Question 5

active tubular secretion

Answer 5

occurs in proximal tubele

carrier-mediated system that requires energy

drugs transported against concentration gradient

saturated

Question 6

What is renal excretion?

Answer 6

glomerular filtration + active tubular secretion

Question 7

tubular reabsorption

Answer 7

results in movement of the molecules from urine (high conc) to blood (low conc)

works against active secretion and filtration, if a drug is sufficiently lipid soluble in the urine (high concentration), it will go down passively its chemical gradient back into bloodstream (can circle back to organ and have effect again)

Question 8

which of the following mechanisms (by which a drug molecule can pass through cells) does not involve energy or a carrier

Answer 8

paracellular transport - transfer of substances through intercellular space between the cells. Allows absorption of hydrophilic molecules with low affinity for membrane-bound transporters

passive diffusion - drug molecules move down concentration gradient, from area of high concentration until equilibrium reach. Energy is not required, and ~90% of drugs cross cell membrane by passive diffusion

Question 9

Drugs that are strongly bound to plasma proteins will diffuse _______ into the tissue containing their site of action

Answer 9

slowly

Drugs that are strongly bound to plasma proteins will diffuse SLOWLY into the tissue containing their site of action

Question 10

First order of elimination refers to the removal of a constant ______ of a drug each half-life.

Answer 10

fraction

First-order elimination = constant fraction of drug in body is eliminated per unit time

quicker to get out of body

Question 11

What is zero-order elimination?

Answer 11

constant amount of drug over time.

takes longer to get out of body

Question 12

A drug with a volume of distribution of 15,000 L is likely to accumulate in which of the following?

Answer 12

Adipose tissue

Question 13

which of the following types of bioavailability compares two different forms of a drug administered orally?

Answer 13

relative bioavailability

B(R) - fraction of drug absorbed… used to compare two products to each other e.g. comparing generic vs brand

test/standard

Question 14

Absolute bioavailability B(A)

Answer 14

drug absorption and amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation

oral/iv

Question 15

Which of the following types of dosage uses volume of distribution to calculate the amount of drug to be administered?

Answer 15

loading dose

Question 16

maintenance dose

Answer 16

drug dose required to achieve desired steady-state concentration (Css) in a individuals blood plasma

maintenance dose rate = elimination rate

steady state achieved in 4-5 half lives

Question 17

Assuming that Vd remains constant, if a disease reduces clearance rate, then the half-life of a drug _________

Answer 17

increased

Question 18

Vd increases so half life ____?

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

If clearance increases, half life _____?

Answer 19

decreases

Question 20

If clearance decreases, half life___?

Answer 20

increases