LEC 47 Metabolism Integration: Glucose Homeostasis, Fuel Metabolism, and Nutrition Calculations Flashcards
What is the major source of blood glucose during early fasting?
less than 24 hours
Liver Glycogen
Slide 13
After 24 hours of fasting, what becomes the major sources of energy?
After Liver Glycogen
Fat and Muscle
Muscle protein (predominant) & Glycerol from fat (to a lesser extent)
Slide 14
How does alcohol consumption contribute to hypoglycemia?
- Conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde in the liver converts NAD+ to NADH
- Lactate cannot be converted to pyruvate
- Malate cannot be converted to oxaloacetate
- Gluconeogenesis is impaired
Review Slide 17
What is “Sunday Morning” hypoglycemia?
- Ethanol metabolism - EtOH –> Acetyaldehyde leads to NADH accumulation
- Impaired gluconeogenesis
- Mild lactic acidosis
- Ethanol potentiates insulin causing further reduction of blood glucose
Children can die from this, bc more dependent on gluconeogenesis
Daily Energy Requirement equals what?
BMR + Activity Level
What is the energy available from:
Protein
4 kcal/g
What is the energy available from:
Fat
9 kcal/g
What is the energy available from:
Carbohydrate
4 kcal/g
What is the energy available from:
Ethanol
7 kcal/g
How is BMI calculated?
Weight (kg) / [height (m)]^2
What is Nitrogen balance?
refers to the relationship between the amount of nitrogen taken into the body, usually as food, and that excreted from the body in urine and feces
What is a zero or neutral nitrogen balance?
Nitrogen (protein) intake equals nitrogen excretion. Normal, healthy adult
What is a positive nitrogen balance?
intake of nitrogen is greater than its excretion, implies tissue formation and growth (children, pregnancy, recovery from illness)
What is a negative nitrogen balance?
more nitrogen is excreted than is taken in, indicates malnutrition, wasting, destruction of tissue, or metabolic stress
What is marasmus?
Inadequate intake of both protein and energy. Wasted appearance
