Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Molecules to Cells > LEC 45 Water Soluble Vitamins I > Flashcards

LEC 45 Water Soluble Vitamins I Flashcards

Identify the biochemical active moieties in the structure of the water-soluble vitamins Describe the functions of each water-soluble vitamin Describe the signs and symptoms of deficiency" Relate the sources and circumstances leading to deficiency Describe the signs and symptoms of toxicity

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the main generic function of B vitamins?

A

they act as coenzymes for enzymes

Slide 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some of the causes of water soluble vitamin deficiency?

A
  • not stored
  • decreased intake
  • decreased absorption
  • increased urinary losses
  • increased requirement (pregnancy, infancy, hyperthyroidism)
  • decreased precursor (substrate) - Inborn error of metabolism

Slide 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which two water soluble vitamins do not typically have a toxicity?

A

Biotin or Vitamin C

Slide 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which B vitamin has a sulfur within its structure?

A

Thiamin (B1)

Slide 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the reaction that converts Thiamin to Thiamin Pyrophosphate (TPP).

enzyme?

A

Thiamin-ATP Phosphoryltransferase catalyzes this reaction

Slide 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which important enzymes need TPP?

in metabolic pathways we have studies thusfar

A
  • RBC transketolase (PPP)
  • Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
  • α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Slide 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does Thiamin Deficiency present?

A

Early: anorexia, nausea, constipation
Later: depression, peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, opthaloplegia, dementia (Wernicke’s encephalopathy)

Can result in Wernicke-Korsakoff or Beri-Beri

Slide 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the difference in wet and dry beriberi?

A

Wet: affects CV system (fast HR, SOB, leg swelling)

Dry: affects nervous system (numbness of hands/feet, confusion, trouble moving legs, pain)

Slides 16 & 17 (internet for clarification)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the biochemically active moieties of Vitamin B2?

A

the two nitrogens w/ the green arrows

this is where the compound is reduced (H’s added to form FADH2)

Slide 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What important enzyme from TCA and ETC uses FAD to produce FADH2

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase (Succinate-Coenzyme Q reductase)

catalyzes conversion of succinate to fumarate

Slide 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some enzymes that utilize FAD (B2)?

A
  • Fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-ox of FAs)
  • PDH
  • Succinate Dehydrogenase
  • RBC glutathione reductase

Slide 21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Riboflavin is widely distributed in which food products?

A
  • Flesh of warm blooded animals & fish
  • Dairy products
  • Seeds
  • Green leafy vegetables

Slide 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Angular stomatitis is associated with which B vitamin deficiency?

A

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency

Slide 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pellegra is associated with a deficiency in which B vitamin?

A

Niacin (B3)

Slide 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of Pellegra?

A
  • Dermatitis
  • GI symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea)
  • CNS findings: Dementia (depression, insomnia, headaches, dizziness, limb rigidity, paresis, & fatal encephalopathy)
  • Death

4 D’s

Slide 26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aside from pellegra, niacin deficiency can also result in what?

A

Casal’s Necklace & Hyperpigmentation of Hands

Slide 28

17
Q

How is nicotinamide synthesized in the body?

what 2 compounds can it be made from?

A

Nicotinic Acid or Tryptophan

Slide 29

18
Q

What about corn and pellegra?

A
  • europeans & americans but not central & southern americans were getting pellegra from not treating thier corn with an alkaline solution (they were exclusively eating corn)
  • niacin is bound to hemicellulose and the solution is necessary to free it to be used by our bodies

Slide 31

19
Q

B6 dependent enzymes are needed to synthesize many things. Name some.

A
  • AST/ALT enzymes to produce Asp and Ala
  • many neurotransmitters such as serotonin, Epi, NE, and GABA

Slide 33

20
Q

What is the Tryptophan Load test used for?

A

to test for B6 deficiency

if Xanthurenic acid is produced, then pt is B6 deficient

Slide 33

21
Q

What is pyridoxine responsive anemia?

A
  • microcytic anemia unresponsive to Fe caused by B6 deficiency which causes aminolevulinic acid sythnase to not work properly
  • atypical nucleated RBCs

Slide 39

22
Q

What are some symptoms of B6 deficiency?

A
  • Cheilosis/stomatitis
  • Glossitis
  • Impaired cellular immunity
  • Fatty liver
  • Peripheral Neuropathy

Slide 41

23
Q

What is usually a cause of B6 deficiency in young women?

A

Oral contraceptives’ lowered activity of kynurinase increasing xanthenuric acid response to tryptophan load

Slide 42

24
Q

What is the recommended dosage info for B6?

A

2 mg

Slide 45

Molecules to Cells (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions