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Zool 224 > Lec 4/5 > Flashcards

Lec 4/5 Flashcards

1
Q

Deep time

A

Geological or cosmic time (millions/billions of years)

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2
Q

Deep time effects

A

Natural selection can occur as variable selective pressures arise

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3
Q

Extant variables are results of

A

Long history of adaptation

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4
Q

Geological timescale includes

A

Precambrian

Paleozoic

Mesozoic

Cenozoic

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5
Q

Paleozoic includes

A

Cambrian

Silurian

Devonian

Carboniferous

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6
Q

Mesozoic includes

A

Triassic

Jurassic

Cretaceous

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7
Q

Selected factors (3)

A

Continental drifts

Atmospheric oxygen levels

Potentials for speciation

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8
Q

Continental drifts

A

Landmass of the Earth move substantially over geological time

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9
Q

Plate tectonics

A

Crusts of the Earth move and collide to reshape to Earth’s landscape

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10
Q

Continental drifts cause

A

Changes of oceanic circulation

This transports heat, temp, nutrients etc.

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11
Q

Changes in eustatic sea level cause

A

Land bridges to be exposed

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12
Q

Continental drifts cause the formation of a

A

Epicontinental seaway ( sea on the continent)

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13
Q

Atmospheric oxygen level

A

Key element creating ATP through aerobic cellular respiration

Contributor to growth/ development

Can be toxic

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14
Q

Atmospheric oxygen level changes causes

A

Vertebrates to need to adapt in order to survive

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15
Q

Speciation

A

Formation of barriers to gene flow between populations

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16
Q

Types of speciation

A

Allopatric

Sympatric

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17
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

Physical isolation of populations

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18
Q

Vicariance

A

Geographic separation

19
Q

Dispersal

A

Separate by migration

20
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Isolation of gene flow in population without physical barrier

21
Q

Precambrian climate

A

Low atmospheric oxygen level early on

Increased but fluctuated significantly later on

22
Q

Precambrian fauna

A

Cyanobacteria
No known vertebrate

23
Q

Cambrian climate

A

Atmospheric oxygen level (~13%)

24
Q

Cambrian fauna

A

Earliest vertebrates

Fewer in number

25
Q

Silurian

A

Three global climate periods

Major glaciation events

Sea level fluctuated

26
Q

Silurian is known for

A

The origin of jaws

27
Q

Origins of jaws

A

Mostly developed from gill arches

Fossil fishes with preserved jaws

28
Q

Devonian climate

A

Annual mean temp
30 degrees

Oxygen less soluble in marine

29
Q

Devonian evolution

A

Fin-to-limb transition

30
Q

Carboniferous climate

A

Atmospheric oxygen level increased, peaked at about 30 percent

31
Q

Carboniferous evolution

A

Presence of ancestral amniotes (stem members of Reptiliomorpha)

32
Q

Triassic landmass

A

Supercontinent formed

33
Q

Triassic climate

A

Atmospheric oxygen level started low (12 percent), recovered to normal by the mid Triassic

Extensive vocalic activity

Global temperature is relatively high

34
Q

Triassic evolution

A

Recovery from the end-Permian mass extinction

Diversification of amniotes

Transformation of mammalian middle ear

Return to sea

35
Q

Jurassic landmass

A

Supercontinent spited into Laurasia and Gondwana

36
Q

Jurassic climate

A

Atmospheric oxygen level climbed above 21 percent

Somewhat humid, somewhat tropical

37
Q

Jurassic evolution

A

Possible origin of crown group amphibians

Origin of the feather

Presence of mammalian crown group

38
Q

Cretaceous landmass

A

Continents continue to separate

39
Q

Cretaceous climate

A

Somewhat humid somewhat tropical

Sea levels elevated

40
Q

Cretaceous evolution

A

Diversification of non-avian dinosaurs

Probable origin of crown birds

41
Q

Cenozoic landmass

A

Further fragmentation of continents

42
Q

Cenozoic Climate

A

Temperature peaked at end Eocene, then cooled toward modern day

43
Q

Cenozoic evolution

A

Diversification of primates

Zool 224 (12 decks)

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