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MCN > LEC 4 > Flashcards

LEC 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Female Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology:
External Genitals Organs

A
  1. Mons Pubis
  2. Labia Majora
  3. Labia Minora
  4. Clitoris
  5. Vestibule of the Vagina
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2
Q

Vestibule of the Vagina

A
  1. External urethral orifice
  2. Vestibule Glands
  3. Vaginal opening
  4. Hymen
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3
Q

Vestibule Glands

A
  1. Paraurethral glands (Skene’s Gland)
  2. Bartholin Glands
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4
Q

Internal Reproductive Organs

A
  1. Fallopian Tube
  2. Ovary
  3. Uterus
  4. Cervix
  5. Endometrium
  6. Myometrium
  7. Vagina
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5
Q

The female bony pelvis has two unique functions:

A
  1. To support and protect the pelvic contents.
    (SUPPORT AND PROTECT)
  2. To form the relatively fixed axis of the birth passage.
    (FORM AXIS OF BIRTH PASSAGE)
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6
Q

4 Bones of the Pelvis:

A
  1. 2 Innominate Bones
  2. Sacrum
  3. Coccyx
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7
Q

Acetabular fossa

A
  1. Illium
  2. Ischium
    3 Pubis
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8
Q

Innominate Bones

A
  1. Ilium
  2. Ischium
  3. Pubis
  4. Sacrum
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9
Q

________ is the broad upper prominence of the hip.

A

Ilium

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10
Q

__________ is the strongest bone, is under the ilium and below the acetabulum.

A

Ischium

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11
Q

________ forms the slightly bowed front portion of the innominate bones.

A

Pubis

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12
Q

_________ wedge-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five vertebrae.

A

Sacrum

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13
Q

Parts of Ilium

A
  1. Iliac Crest
  2. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
  3. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
  4. Posterior Superior Iliac Crest
  5. Iliac Fossa
  6. Iliopectineal Line or Linea Terminalis
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14
Q

Parts of Ischium

A
  1. Ischial Tuberosity
  2. Ischial Spines
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15
Q

Parts of Pubis

A
  1. Symphysis pubis
  2. Pubic Arch
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16
Q

________ where the weight of the seated body rests.

A

Ischial Tuberosity

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17
Q

_________ serves as reference points during labor.

A

Ischial Spines

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18
Q

_________ is the point of union of the two pubic bones at the anterior midline.

A

Symphysis pubis

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19
Q

__________ is the triangular space below the junction of the symphysis pubis.

A

Pubic Arch

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20
Q

Clinical Significance: IF the angle formed is acute, it is very possible that the ischial spines are too _____ to one another resulting in a ______.

A

narrow pelvic cavity

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21
Q

4 Parts of Sacrum

A
  1. Sacral Promontory
  2. Coccyx
  3. Sacrococcygeal Joint
  4. Symphysis Pubis
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22
Q

__________ is a projection into the pelvic cavity on the anterior upper portion.

A

Sacral Promontory

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23
Q

_________ is a small triangular bone last on the vertebral column.

A

Coccyx

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24
Q

__________ is the point of coccygeal and sacral articulation, between the sacrum and the coccyx.

A

Sacrococcygeal Joint

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25
Q

__________ is the junction of the two pubic bones which are united by a pad of cartilage.

A

Symphysis Pubis

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26
Q

The Pelvic Ligaments

A
  1. Sacroiliac Ligaments
  2. Sacrotuberous Ligaments
  3. Sacrospinous Ligaments
  4. Sacrococcygeal Ligaments
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27
Q

___________ is the strongest in the whole body, connects the sacrum to the iliac bones on each side.

A

Sacroiliac Ligaments

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28
Q

_________ between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosities; one on each side.

A

Sacrotuberous Ligaments

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29
Q

__________ is between the sacrum and the ischial spines, one on each side.

A

Sacrospinous Ligaments

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30
Q

___________ is between the 5th and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.

A

Sacrococcygeal Ligaments

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31
Q

Pelvic Diaphragm

A
  1. Deep Fascia
  2. Levator Ani
  3. Coccygeal Muscles
32
Q

Levator Ani

A

a. Iliococcygeus
b. Pubococcygeus
c. Puborectalis
d. Pubovaginalis

33
Q

The Pelvic Divisions

A
  1. False Pelvis
  2. True Pelvis
34
Q

___________ is the portion above the pelvic brim.

A

False Pelvis

35
Q

_________ supports the weight of the enlarged uterus and directs the presenting fetal part into the true pelvis.

A

False Pelvis

36
Q

_________ is the portion below the pelvic brim.

A

True Pelvis

37
Q

__________ is made up of the sacrum, coccyx, and innominate bones and represents the bony limits of the birth canal.

A

True Pelvis

38
Q

The True Pelvis has 3 major

A
  1. Pelvic Inlet
  2. Pelvic Cavity
  3. Pelvic Outlet
39
Q

The size and shape of the true pelvis must be adequate for normal ____ passage during labor and birth.

A

fetal

40
Q

____________ is the upper border of the true pelvis is typically rounded

A

The Pelvic Inlet

41
Q

___________ is a curved canal with a longer posterior than anterior wall.

A

The Pelvic Cavity

42
Q

__________ is situated at the lower border of the true pelvis

A

Pelvic Outlet

43
Q

Most common female pelvis (50%)

A

Gynecoid Pelvis

44
Q

Posterior segment is broad, deep, and roomy, and the anterior segment is well rounded

Has a wide and round pubic arch

A

Gynecoid Pelvis

45
Q

Inlet is rounded, with the AP diameter a little shorter than the T diameter

A

Gynecoid Pelvis

46
Q

Normal male pelvis
Inlet is heart shaped
AP and T diameters adequate for birth

A

Android Pelvis

47
Q

Has narrow sharp, and deep pubic arch
AP diameter is short, T diameter is narrow

A

Android Pelvis

48
Q

Approximately 20% of female pelvis
Arrest of labor is frequent, requiring difficult forceps manipulation

A

Android Pelvis

49
Q

Inlet is oval
Long AP diameter, short T diameter

A

Anthropoid Pelvis

50
Q

Outlet has a normal or moderately narrow pubic arch
Posterior and anterior sagittal diameters extremely long
Approximately 25% of female pelvis

A

Anthropoid Pelvis

51
Q

Inlet is a distinctly transverse oval
Refers to the flat female pelvis

A

Platypelloid Pelvis

52
Q

Short AP and extremely short T diameter
Outlet has an extremely wide pubic arch
Only 5% of female pelvis

A

Platypelloid Pelvis

53
Q

4 Pelvic Types

A
  1. Gynecoid
  2. Android
  3. Anthropoid
  4. Platypelloid
54
Q

The Female Hormones

A

a. Estrogen
b. Progesterone
3. Prostaglandins

55
Q
  • Contributes to “Femaleness”
  • Assists in the maturation of the ovarian follicles and cause endometrial proliferation
A

Estrogen

56
Q

3 classical estrogens:

A

Estrone
B-Estradiol
Estriol

57
Q

_______ controls the development of the female secondary sex characteristics:

A

Estrogen

  1. Breast development
  2. Widening of the hips
  3. Deposits of tissue (fat) in the buttocks and mons pubis
58
Q

ESTROGEN

Amount is greatest during the ___________ (follicular or estrogenic) phase of the menstrual cycle

A

proliferative

59
Q

Estrogen inhibit ___ production and stimulate ___ production

A

Estrogen inhibit Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) production and stimulate Luteinizing Hormone (LH) production

60
Q

Uterine sensitivity to ____ increases

A

Uterine sensitivity to oxytocin increases

BY: Estrogen

61
Q

_________ is secreted by the corpus luteum

Found in greatest amounts during the _____ (luteal or pregestational) phase of the menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone

62
Q

Decreases uterine motility and contractility caused by estrogens
Causes the endometrium to further increase its supply of nutrients

A

Progesterone

63
Q

Hormone of pregnancy
Prepares the breast for lactation

A

Progesterone

64
Q

Oxygenated fatty acids that are produces by the cells of the endometrium

A

Prostaglandins

65
Q

Two primary types of prostaglandins are:

A

groups E and F;
1. PGE - vasorelaxants/vasodilator
2. PGF - vasoconstrictor

66
Q

NEUROHORMONAL BASIS
Organs that play a great part:

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Ovaries
Uterus

67
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

The follicular phase (days 1 to 14)
The luteal phase (days 15 to 28)

** for a typical 28-day cycle

68
Q

Follicular Phase

The immature follicle matures as a result of ___. The mature Graafian follicle appears on about the ___ day under ___ control of FSH and LH:

Cumulus oophorus
Zona pellucida

A

14th
—
dual

69
Q

Follicular Phase

Just before ovulation, the mature ____completes its first _____ division, yielding a:
- polar body: a small cell
- secondary oocyte: which matures into an ____

Mittelschmerz: mid-cycle pain (for some)
- Body temperature increases about 0.3 - 0.6C
24-48 hours after ovulation

A

meiotic
–
ovum
–

70
Q

Luteal Phase
Begins when the ovum leaves its _____
Corpus luteum _____ from the ruptured ____
If the ovum is fertilized and implants in the _______, the fertilized egg begins to secrete ____.

A

develops
–
follicle
–
endometrium
–
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

71
Q

__________ is an episodic uterine bleeding in response to cyclic hormonal changes

A

Menstruation

72
Q

Average length of The Cycle:

A

28 days (Range: 23-35 days)

73
Q

Average length of The Menses

A

4-6 days (Range: 2-9 days)

74
Q

Age of Onset of the Cycle

A

11-13 years

75
Q

Characteristics of Discharge

A
  • Dark, Reddish color
  • has a musty odor due to the decomposition of blood elements
  • a mixture of secretion of uvular sebaceous gland.
  • Amount of blood loss = 30-80 mL
  • Amount of iron loss = 0.5-1 mg daily
76
Q

Symptoms of Mens Cycle

A
  1. Sensation of heaviness & weight in the pelvic region, mild backache & cramping
  2. Slight nervous irritability - feeling of tenderness and anxiety
  3. Bladder & GIT irritability
  4. Changes in body weight = 1to 3 lbs. Shortly before the onset of menstruation w/c they lose promptly as menstruation begins
77
Q

Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

A
  1. Menstrual Phase
  2. Proliferative Phase
  3. Secretory Phase
  4. Ischemic Phase

MCN (6 decks)

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