Lec 3

Question 1

Total quality framework - Transparency?

Answer 1

Involves communicating what went on in the research study and how the researcher drew interpretations from the analysis.

Allows reader to evaluate their confidence in the research process as well as the researcher’s final interpretations and the applicability of the research to other contexts (transferability)

Question 2

Total quality framework - usefulness

Answer 2

Adresses the question “ what can and should be done with the study now that it has been completed?”

Function of vigorous- the attention to quality- within the credibility (data collection), analyzability (analysis), and transparency (reporting) components

Question 3

What is the “golden thread”?

Answer 3

Coherence from what the research question is and between the participants, methods, and results of the study

Question 4

What does methodological integrity ensure?

Answer 4

Ensures trustworthiness of a research study

Question 5

What does methodological integrity address? (2 major concerns)

Answer 5

1. Fidelity to the subject matter
2. Utility in achieving goals

Question 6

What is another way of thinking about methodological quality?

Answer 6

Rigor and validity

Question 7

What is rigor?

Answer 7

The practice of doing something with great care, thoroughly and systematically to ensure the process and outcome is of a high quality

Question 8

What is validity?

Answer 8

The credibility or believability of the research
(We use the word trustworthiness instead of validity)

Question 9

What are Validation strategies?

Answer 9

-Strategies researchers can draw upon to enhance the quality of their research.
-Minimum 2/9
-Chosen in coherence with the ontological and epistemological stance of the study.

Question 10

What is data triangulation?

Answer 10

Including different types of data or a variety of groups to represent different perspectives on the issue

Question 11

What is quality research?

Answer 11

Reflexivity: what was the relationship between the researcher and the research carried out?
Transparency and audit trail: how clear is the research process?
Coherence (golden thread): is there a clear thread running through the research that connects it all together?
Contribution of the research: is this research useful and applicable to the context in which it was conducted?
Rigor: has the research been carried out in a systematic manner?

Question 12

Design cycle
1) the research question
QI is appropriate when: (3)??

Answer 12

1. The variables of interest cannot be easily measured
2. We need a detailed understanding of a complex issue
3. We want to give a voice to a particular group and empower people to share their stories

Question 13

The RQ—> QI is also appropriate when (4)?

Answer 13

1. There is a need to minimize the power relationship between researcher and participant
2. The problem requires a flexible approach
3. We wish to develop or refine theories or see if an existing theory applies to a particular group
   4.NOT just another way to ask a quantitative question such as effects, causes, relationships - unless looking at it from participants’ perspective.

Question 14

What comes after formulating a research question?

Answer 14

Reviewing the literature.
- what are the knowledge gaps?
- what theories have been put forth to define, explain, and measure the construct?
- what model or theory is likely to be most useful to your study?
- how can your research contribute to advancing knowledge?

Question 15

Why use a theory? (4 reasons)

Answer 15

1. Puts your research in context
2. Helps guide your research study
3. Allows you to justify the need for your research study
4. Increases your awareness of methods that can be applied to you research question

Question 16

What comes after reviewing the literature?

Answer 16

Developing a conceptual framework

Question 17

What is a conceptual framework?

Answer 17

It’s a tool used to help organize the theories and their related concepts that have emerged from your literature review

Question 18

What does a conceptual framework provide? (3)

Answer 18

Provides focus and structure to the study

Clarifies concepts being investigated and how they are related to one another

Drive the data collection procedures

Question 19

What questions should you ask yourself after organizing relevant theories into a conceptual map? (3)

Answer 19

Does the conceptual framework correctly reflect the research question?

Does the theory fit the research question?

Does the research question need further refinement in light of the theory?

Question 20

During the conceptual framework, you will have to make decisions about your specific focus. What are some questions you should ask yourself? (2)

Answer 20

What aspects of the construct are you interested in?

What variables do you wish to examine?

Question 21

Your original conceptual framework will be derived through … reasoning. I.i., based on what you read in the literature

But it will be continually transformed through th process of … reasoning; i.e., based on what you learn in you data collection

Answer 21

1. Deductive
2. Inductive

Question 22

What comes after developing a conceptual framework?

Answer 22

Selecting methods of data collection

Question 23

The approach you choose for your methodology determines: (4)

Answer 23

1. How you will address the research question?
2. Who will participate in your study?
3. How data will be collected?
4. How it will be analyzed?

Question 24

In terms of collecting data, there are several methods at one’s disposal, such as: (4)

Answer 24

1. Surveys (open ended q’s)
2. Interviews (group or individual)
3. Observation (participant, non participant)
4. Analysis of media (text, visual, auditory)

Question 25

Qualitative before quantitative is to:

Answer 25

Explore relevant issues to be explore in a survey

Identify themes and concepts that are important to include in a survey

Fine-tune the operationalization of key variables

Guide item development based on contextual factors

Question 26

Qualitative after quantitative is to:

Answer 26

Interpret the findings and results of a quantitative study

Understand and explain the trends observed in a survey

Illuminate the processes underlying the trend

To contextualize the behavior under study

Question 27

Quantitative after qualitative is to:

Answer 27

Quantify the findings of the qualitative study

Generalize the findings of the qualitative study to a large group

Diversify the findings of the qualitative study to different populations