Lec 22-24

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

Main energy currency of a cell

Question 2

Cellular respiration

Answer 2

A series of enzyme catalyzed reactions that break down glucose to release energy that is then used in the electron transport chain to create ATP

Question 3

ATP synthase

Answer 3

Synthesizes ATP, coupled with a membrane channel in inner membrane of mitochondria, H+ gradient flows through membrane channel spinning ATP synthase to create ATP

Question 4

Electron transport chain

Answer 4

Embedded in mitochondrial membrane, drive H+ from matrix to intermembrane space

Question 5

How is glucose broken down?

Answer 5

Glycolysis, pyruvate processing, krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 6

Glycolysis & pyruvate processing

Answer 6

1 glucose (6-carbon) is broken down into 2 3-carbon pyruvate molecules. ATP&NADH released

1 carbon is removed from each pyruvate to make 2 Acetyl CoA (2 carbon) . 2CO2 & NADH released

Question 7

Krebs’s cycle and oxidation phosphorylation

Answer 7

Acetyl CoA enter Krebs’s cycle, carbons removed, 4CO2, NADH, FADH2 and ATP released

NADH and FADH2 donate their electrons to the ETC, energy is used to build the H+ gradient

Question 8

How does ETC use energy to build H+ gradient?

Answer 8

NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to ETC, electrons are passed down the chain thru redox reactions, energy released by reactions build H+ gradient

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

Low O2, pyruvate processing and on don’t occur, only glycolysis, NAD+ is regenerated so glycolysis can continue and generate some ATP

Question 10

Two reaction of photosynthesis

Answer 10

Light dependent reaction: uses photons to make ATP

Calvin cycle: uses ATP to make carbohydrates

Question 11

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 11

Light dependent: thylakoid disk membrane, photosystem I and II

Calvin cycle C4: stroma, mesophyll cell and bundle-sheath cell

Calvin cycle CAM: stroma, mesophyll cell

Question 12

How do light dependent reactions work?

Answer 12

-Photons are absorbed by photosystem II,passed from pigment to pigment,until its passed to P680
-P680 loses electron which is passed to ETC
-PSII splits water to replace electron, releases O2 and H+
-Electron moves down ETC releasing energy, drives H+ gradient, powers ATP synthase
-Electron arrives at PSI, transferred to P700
-P700 donates electron to new ETC
-Electron reaches NADP+ reductase which transfers two electrons and a proton to form NADPH

Question 13

Calvin cycle

Answer 13

Rubisco enzyme binds 6 CO2, 6 RuBP,