LEC 21 - CAM JEFFRIES LAW OF THE OCEAN Flashcards
what did the romans think about ocean law? the middle ages people? that one dutch dude Hugo Grotius?
roman law: sea was free and common to all just dont piss off the gods
middle ages: if u have money u control the sea
grotius: Mare Liberum - open seas, free trade
what is UNCLOS
UN Convention on Laws of the Sea, which made rules around the ocean
what is the:
territorial sea?
exclusive economic zone?
high seas?
continental shelf?
“the area”?
how far does each zone extend, in nautical miles (nm)?
territorial seas: sovereign ocean territory, 12nm offshore
exclusive economic zone: no sovereignty but u have control over resources in the water column + continental shelf below it, 200 nm offshore
high seas: no one has claim over waters, extends to any water beyond EEZ
continental shelf: sovereign continental territory, 200+ nm offshore
“the area”: high seas but for the ocean floor, extends to all seabeds beyond continental shelf
what is LMR? what are its goals? what are stock resources?
Living Marine Resoures
goals are contending human needs w sustainable practices
stock resources is sustainable, renewable management of resources for mammals, fish, sedentary species, oil and gas (not renewable), and minerals
in territorial seas, what can international ship do?
only innocent passage - no research, fishing, etc
what is the compromise of the EEZ?
sovereign right but not sovereignty - the state can catch but limited according to “the best scientific evidence avail”
also if they cant reach MSY, they are obligated to play nice and share w others
90% of the world’s fisheries occur within EEZs because they overlap w prod areas. not a question idk how to format it into one
are states obligated to protect anadromous + catadromous species? (what are anadromous + catadromous species?)
what about continental species?
anadromous: born in freshwater, live in salt water, return to freshwater to spawn
catadromous: born in saltwater, live in freshwater, return to saltwater to spawn
salmon are anadromous - they infamously swim up freshwater rivers
states are obligated to protect ana and cata species, but obligation is implicit for continental species
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what are the laws of the High Seas? what are the 5 articles we go over?
every has access to fishing but u gotta play nice w others
article 87: free reign on fishing
article 116: all states have right to fish on high seas
article 117: all states must manage fishing on high seas in duty to their citizens
article 118: all states have a duty to cooperate to conserve fish stocks
article 119: regional + globally implemented fishing standards
what are polymetallic nodules? how is human gluttony tempered by the desire to attain these nodules?
metal deposits on the sea floor that isnt the continental shelf
any profits must be made towards the good of the int comm
what is the BBNJ treaty?
UN Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty, meant to conserve biodiversity beyond national waters
