Lec 20 Ventilatory Control Part 2 Flashcards
How is the majority of O2 transported
Bound to hemoglobin
Exercise increases ______ oxygen uptake which leads to a ______ avo2 difference
Muscle
Greater
What determine o2 saturation
Partial pressure of o2
This characterize the o2 content in the blood
Oxygen dissociation curve
Is the graph that shows the relationship between partial pressure of oxygen in the blood and the saturation of hemoglobin with o2
Oxygen Dissociation curve
Hemoglobin is NOT always 100% saturated with oxygen
Arterial partial pressure (pao2) determines arterial saturation (Sa o2)
The percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen
98% at sea level
Oxygen dissociation curve
The relationship between pao2 and sao2 is _________
Why
S shaped
Increases o2 availability increases the affinity of hemoglobin for o2
When exercising the oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the _______ with _______ affinity
This is called the ________
Right
Decreased affinity
Bohr effect
A shift the the left is called the _________ effect
This binds oxygen _______
This occurs during _________
Happens mainly at the level of ________
What happens to ph, acidity, temperature, co2
Haldane effect
Tighter
Rest
The lungs
Increased ph, decreased acidity, decreased temperature, decreased co2
A shift to the right is called the __________ effect
This binds oxygen _______
This occurs during ______
Mainly at the level of ________
What happens to ph, acidity, temperatures, co2
Bohr effect
Tighter
Exercise
Muscle
Decreased ph, increased acidity, increased Temperature, increased co2
Ventilation is regulated by what factors
Neural and humoral
Ventilation acts on the _________ ______
Caption potentials are sent to __________ _______
Respiratory centre
Respiratory muscles
Neural Inputs affecting ventilations
Those related to movement and those related to intrinsic firing of the respiratory centre
Effects of movement on ventilation
Motor cortex (voluntary movements)
Stretch receptors in the lungs and airways (MECHANORECEPTORS)
Proprioceptors in muscles, joints, and tendons
Effects is intrinsic firing of the respiratory centre on ventilation
Fight or flight situations
Emotional status
What factors play the largest role for the regulation of cardiorespiratory responses during exercise
Neural
What factor contribute the most to respiration at rest
Humoral due to the lack of movement
Humoral factors
CENTRAL chemoreceptors
Where are they located
What do they respond to
Medulla
Respond to low ph and high co2
Humoral factors
Peripheral chemoreceptors
Where are they located
What do they respond to
What kind of blood does it monitor
In the aortic/carotid bodies
Respond to low po2, high co2 and low ph
Monitor arterial blood
What two factors play a large role in respiratory function AT REST
What are others
Paco2 and H+
Vagal tone is a neural factor to maintain low HR
Increases in Paco2 and H+ also play a role in cardiorespiratory responses during exercise
Where is the affinity the greatest
The lungs
What happens at the level of the lungs
Halden effect
What happens at the level of the muscle
Borg effect
At rest you are sensitive to what two factors? What is primary and what is secondary?
Mainly humoral but also sensitive to emotional status
And also has a neural factor involved - vagal tone to maintain HR
