Lec 13 Aerobic Metabolism Flashcards
What are the main names to know in glycogenolysis
Glycogen phosphorylase aka PHOS
Phosphoglucomutase converts G1P to G6P
What are the main names to know in glycolysis
GLUT4
Hexokinase aka HK
Phosphofructokinase aka PFK
What are the main names to know in lactate production
Lactate dehydrogenase aka LDH
Why is the mitochondria considered the powerhouse of the cell
Contains enzymes and coenzymes to make ATP
What percentage of muscle cells are mitochondria
4-10%
Order from largest to biggest and name the grams of each
Liver glycogen, blood glucose, muscle glycogen
Muscle glycogen > liver glycogen > blood glucose
500g. 80g. 5g
What are the important processes for the AEROBIC SYSTEM
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Tricarboxylic acid aka TCA CYCLE
Electron transport chain aka ETC
ATP synthase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH
What is it activate by and what is it deactivated by
Activated by calcium
And deactivated by acetylCoa, ATP, NADH
Pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH
What does it do
Reduces the levels of lactate
Controls the rate of carbohydrates entry into mitochondria
Irreversibly traps acetylCoa in the mitochondria
Pyruvate ——> AcetylCoa + Co2
Uses PDH and reduces NAD+ to NADH+H
What happens when pyruvate it changed to acetylCoa in mitochondria
Release of co2
Electron transferred to NAD+ to produce NADH
Which will later be used in the ETC to make atp
What is the difference between enzyme and coenzyme
Enzyme is a PROTEIN that speed up a reaction
Coenzyme is a NON-PROTEIN that is required for an encumbered to catalyze a reaction
Coenzymes cannot by themselves catalyze a reaction
What are NAD and FAD considered
Coenzymes
Are electron transporters
What is the TCA activated by
Calcium, ADP, NAD+
What is reformed each cycle in TCA cycle
Oxaloacetate
What are the input and outputs of the TCA cycle
Inputs
2 AcetylCoa
2 ADP
6 NAD+
2 FAD
outputs
2 ATP
6 NADH (transports electrons to ETC)
2 FADH2 (transports electrons to ETC)
4 co2
What happens at the electron transport chain ETC
Four complex’s
Complex one takes NADH TO NAD+ (4 H+)
Complex 2 takes FADH2 to FAD+
Complex 3 (4 H+)
Complex 4 (2H+)
Pump hydrogen to inter membrane space creating proton gradient
Protons pass through atp synthase for every 4H 1ATP formed
OXYGEN IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR WHICH IS REDUCED TO WATER
How many atp are created in the ETC by FADH2 and NADH
NADH 2.5 - 10H+ pumped across
FADH2 1.5 - 6H+ pumped across
How many hydrogens does it take to produce one atp in the ETC
4
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
Oxygen which is then reduced to water
What is the purpose of ATP synthase in the ETC
Analyzes the formation of ATP from ADP + Pi
This is driven through the influx of H+ into the mitochondrial matrix
What are the three T’s for carbohydrates periodization
Time, type, and total
When is low carb diet beneficial and why
After training for mitochondrial biogenesis
