lec 2- animal cell biology Flashcards
what do all cells have?
All cells have proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, plasma membrane
what are organelles?
membrane bound compartments
what are the advantages of having organelles?
Eukaryotes have a large surface to volume ratio which makes it difficult for molecules to diffuse across the cell, but with the help of organelles, the large cell volume can be broken down into smaller membrane bound organelles which help in the separation of incompatible chemical reactions and increased efficiency of chemical reactions
what is the plasma membrane?
The plasma membrane separates outside from inside, consists of phospholipid bilayer
what is cytoplasm?
everything inside the cell apart from the nucleus is termed the cytoplasm, a jelly like substance that fills the cell
what different organelles or structures do animal cells and plant cells have?
animal- lysosome and centrosome
plant- cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole
what is the nucleus?
an organelle that stores genetic information and acts as the control center
what is the nucleolus?
the part of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized
what links the inside of the nucleus?
the nuclear lamina
what is the Endoplasmic Reticulum?
a organelle that is an extension of the nuclear envelope
what are the two types of ER?
rough and smooth
what does the rough ER contain and do?
The rough ER is studded with ribosomes, it synthesizes proteins
what is the lumen?
synthesized proteins from the RER move into the lumen where they are folded and processed
what does the smooth ER contain and do?
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes, catalyzes lipids and may synthesize lipids, contains CA2+ ions and breaks down molecules that are poisonous
what is the golgi apparatus formed of?
flat membranous sacs called cicternae
what do the cis side and trans side of the golgi face?
the nucleus and the plasma membrane
what is the function of the golgi apparatus?
processes, sorts, and ships proteins that were synthesized in the rough ER. cis receives and trans ships
what does the lysosome do?
it is a recycling center. digests components in the cell and outside.
what do peroxisomes do?
carry out redox reactions
what does the mitochondria do?
supplies ATP to the cell
what is the cristae?
one of the two membranes, it is the internal membrane which is folded
what is the inside of the mitochondria called?
The mitochondrial matrix
do mitochondria have their own DNA?
yes, its called the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
what does the cytoskeleton do?
The cytoskeleton is responsible for structural stability, cell division, cell motility, maintaining/changing cell shape, transport material within the cell, organizes the organelles
