LEC 2 Flashcards
13 Threats to Global Health
- Elevating Health in the Climate Debate
- Delivering Health in Conflict and Crisis
- Making Health Care Fairer
- Expanding Access to Medicine
- Stopping infectious diseases
- Preparing for epidemics
- Protecting people from dangerous products
- Investing in the people who defend our health
- Keeping adolescents safe
- Earning public trust
- Harnessing new technologies
- Protecting the medicines that protect us resistance and other medicine
- Keeping health care clean
Leading Causes of Maternal Mortality (2010)
- Complications related to pregnancy occurring in the course of labor, delivery and puerperium
- Hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Pregnancy with abortive outcome
The neonatal mortality rate is __ deaths per 1,000 live births.
14 DEATHS
Infant mortality has decreased from 34 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1993 to __ deaths per 1,000 live births in 2017.
21
Filipino women age ____ initiate sexual intercourse at a median age of 21.2 years.
25-49
The median age of first marriage for women is ___ years
22.5 years
Median age at first birth is ____ years
23.5 years
Fertility decreased from 4.1 children per woman in 1993 to ___ children per woman in 2017
2.7
The mean ideal family size in the Philippines is ____ children for all women and ____ children for currently married women.
3.0 children
___% of married women use a method of family planning. __ in five married women use a modern method of family planning, most commonly the pill (__%) and female sterilization (__%).
Two
—
21% and 7%
Another __% of married women use a traditional method of family planning, such as _______(10%) and ______ (4%).
withdrawal and rhythm
More than ___ in 4 births (78%) are delivered in a ______, primarily in public sector facilities. ___in five births are delivered at ____.
health facility
—
One
—
home
__% of Filipino children age 12-23 months have received all eight basic vaccinations - 1 dose each of BCG and measles-containing vaccine and 3 doses each of DPT - containing vaccine and polio vaccine.
____ percent of children have received none of the recommended vaccinations.
Nine
Breastfeeding is very common in the Philippines, with __% of children ever breastfed.
93%
PhilHealth coverage has increased from 38% in 2008 to 60% in ____ to ___% in 2017.
66% - 2017
60% in 2013
______ is often viewed as a group of people living in a particular area with common beliefs, values, and traditions
Community
Bound by their location, people develop common ____ and ____ that eventually evolve as ____.
beliefs and values
—
culture
In the Philippines, the concept of health and illness can be summed up in either presence or absence of ____ and ______
signs and symptoms
What is Public Health?
It is the science and art of:
(1) preventing disease
(2) prolonging life, and
(3) promoting health and efficiency thru organized community effort for:
The science and art of (1) preventing disease, (2) prolonging life, and (3) promoting health and efficiency thru organized community effort for:
- Sanitation of the environment
- Control of communicable infections
- Education of the individual in personal hygiene
- Organization of medical & nursing services for the early diagnosis & preventive treatment of disease
- Development of the social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health
Core/Primary Public Health Functions
- Assessment
- Policy Development
- Assurance
Regular collection, analysis & information sharing about health conditions, risks & resources in a community
Assessment
Core/Primary Public Health Functions
Use of information gathered during assessment to develop local & state health policies & to direct resources toward those policies
Policy Development
Core/Primary Public Health Functions
- Focuses on the availability of necessary health services throughout the community
- Includes maintaining the ability to both public health agencies & private providers to manage day-to-day operations & having the capacity to respond to critical situations & emergencies.
Assurance
Core/Primary Public Health Functions
_______ is the organized health efforts at the community level through both government & private efforts
Public Health
A professional nurse with communities, groups, families, individuals at home, in health centers, in clinics, in schools, in places of work for the _______ of health, _______ of illness, care of the sick at home and _______.
prevention
–
rehabilitation
Ruth Freeman
Community Health Nurse
Direct ____ to individuals, families, groups or communities
care
________ is defined as a specialized field of nursing practice that renders care to individuals, families and communities, focusing on health promotion and disease prevention through people empowerment and maintenance of health.
Community Health Nursing
Community Health Nursing
- is defined as a ______ field of nursing practice that ___ care to individuals, families and communities, focusing on health ____ and disease ____ through people _____ and ____ of health.
renders
–
promotion
–
prevention
–
empowerment
–
maintenance
CHN is a learning practice ____ with the ultimate goal of contributing as _____ and in _____ with others to the promotion of the client’s ______________ through teaching and _____ of care.
BY: _________
individuals
–
collaboration
—
optimum level of functioning
–
delivery
BY: Jacobson
CHN is the _____ of nursing practice and public health practice applied to _____ and ____the health of populations.
BY: _________
promoting and preserving
BY: ANA, 1980
CHN is the _____ of the nursing process in the different levels of ______, families, population groups and communities, concerned with the promotion of health, prevention of disease and ______ and ______.
BY: _________
disability and rehabilitation
BY: Maglaya, et a
Goal of CHN
To ____ the level of _____ by helping communities and families to cope with the ____ in and threats to health in such a way as to ______ their potential for high-level wellness”
BY: __________
citizenry
–
discontinuities
—
maximize
BY: Nisce, et al
The roles and responsibilities of a Community Health Nurse in the Philippines
- Wear many ___while conducting day-to-day practice.
- The focus of nursing includes not only the ____, but also the family and the community, meeting these multiple needs requires _____.
individual
–
multiple roles
The seven major roles of a Community Health Nurse are:
- Care giver “Clinician role”
- Educator
- Lawyer / Advocate
- Administrator / Manager
- Collaborator
- Leader
- Researcher
_______ uses the nursing process to provide direct nursing intervention to individuals, families, or population groups.
Care giver “Clinician role”
__________ facilitates learning for positive health behavior change.
Educator
_______ speaks or acts on behalf of clients who cannot do so for themselves
Lawyer / Advocate
_______ engages in the role of managing health services.
Administrator / Manager
As a manager, the nurse exercises administrative direction toward the accomplishment of specified goals by:
- Assessing client’s needs
- Planning and organizing to meet those needs
- Controlling and evaluating the progress to ensure that goals are met
The nurse serves as a manager when:
- Overseeing client care as a case manager
- Supervising ancillary staff
- Running clinics
- Conducting community health needs assessment projects
Community health nurses seldom practice in isolation. They must work with many people.
Collaborator
Community health nurses seek to initiate changers that positively affect people’s health.
Leader
The community health nurse engage in systematic investigation, collection, and analysis of data for solving problems and enhancing community health practice.
Researcher
Responsibilities of Community Health Nurse
- Be a part in developing an overall health plan, its implementation and evaluation for communities.
- Provide quality nursing services to the three levels of clientele.
- Maintain coordination/linkages with other health team members, NGO/government agencies in the provision of public health services.
- Conduct research relevant to CHN services to improve provision of health care
- Provide opportunities for professional growth and continuing education for staff development
__________ refers to the practice of nursing in national and local government health departments (which includes Health Centers and RHU) and public schools whether their position title is Public Health Nurse or Nurse or School Nurse
Public Health Nursing
_______ refers to the practice of nursing in ______ and ______ government health departments and ______ whether their position title is Public Health Nurse or Nurse or School Nurse
national and local
—
public schools
______ is population-focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and disability for all people through the creation of conditions in which people can be healthy
Public Health Nursing
_______ is ______-focused, with the goals of promoting health and preventing disease and ____ for all people through the creation of _____ in which people can be healthy.
population-focused
–
disability
–
conditions
________ may be defined as a ____ of ______ practice in nursing and in public health in which ____ nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the ________.
field of professional practice
—
technical
–
community
Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice
- Standards of Care
- Standards of Professional Performance
Standards of Care
Standard 1- Assessment
Standard 2- Population diagnosis priorities
Standard 3- Outcomes identification
Standard 4- Planning
Standard 5- Implementation
Standard 6- Evaluation
Standards of Professional Performance
Standard 7: Quality of Practice
Standard 8: Education
Standard 9: Professional Practice Evaluation
Standard 10: Collegiality
Standard 11: Collaboration
Standard 12: Ethics
Standard 13: Research
Standard 14: Resource utilization population
Standard 15: Leadership
In the PH, __________ was created to develop and practice promoting wellness of the community and protecting the health of every individual with the help of the nurse’s skills and knowledge to serve the community through educating people about the health issues that might affect the individual’s physical, emotional, and spiritual aspect.
Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice
_________ improves the community safety and health and to increase and enhance the access to care to help and improve their lifestyle and environment.
Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice
Public Health Nursing in the Philippines evolved alongside the institutional development of the DOH, the government agency mandated to ______and ______ people’s health and the ___________ of health workers including public health nurses.
biggest employer
Records of public health services in the Philippines date back to the _____ regime
Spanish regime
________ The very first hospital in the Philippines (established mainly to care for the Spanish King’s ____, but also admitted Spanish ______; founded by Gov. ___ de Sande)
YEAR: _______
soldiers, civilians
–
Francisco de Sande
YEAR: 1565
The first _________ missionary, Bro. J________ took pity on the numerous beggars who flocked to the gates of the convent, he ______ medications and salves to apply to their wounds. It started public health services through a _________ in Intramuros for the indigent.
YEAR: ____
Juan Clemente
–
concocted
–
dispensary
YEAR: 1577
Two wards of ____ and ______were constructed by ____ called Hospital __ ___ _____ Naturales, more popularly known as Hospital de Naturales. The _____ cared for the sick while also tending to their spiritual needs.
YEAR: ____
Clemente
–
de los Indios
–
Naturales
—
friars
YEAR: 1578
San ____ Hospital - The reconstruction of the Hospital de Naturales (founded by Brother Juan _____ and was administered for many years by the __________ of San Juan De Dios; built exclusively for patient with ______).
YEAR: ____
Clemente
–
Hospitallers
–
leprosy
YEAR: 1603
CHN is ____ than PHN because it encompasses “Nursing practice in a wide variety of community services and consumer advocate areas, and in a variety of roles, at times including independent practice…. Community nursing is certainly not ______ to public health nursing agencies.”
BY: _______
confined
BY: Jacobson
The specialty practice that focuses on the promotion, prevention, and restoration of health within the context of a safe and healthy environment.
Occupational Health Nursing
It includes the prevention of adverse health effects from occupational and environmental hazards.
Occupational Health Nursing
It provides for and delivers occupational and environmental health and safety programs and services to clients.
Occupational Health Nursing
Occupational health strategies:
To identify:
(1) health hazards and
(2) safety hazards
______ are the elements in the work-related disease to the worker.
Health hazards
______ are the unsafe conditions or unsafe acts that significantly increase the risk of a worker to be injured.
Safety hazards
The occupational health nurse must then possess _______ necessary to recognize and evaluate potential and existing ______ in the workplace.
health hazards
Nine Defined Areas of Competence of OHN
- Clinical and primary care
- Workforce, workplace, and environmental issues
- Legal and ethical responsibilities
- Management and administration
- Health promotion and disease prevention
- Occupational and environmental health and safety education
- Research
- Professionalism
- Legislation and occupational health
________ a specialized subset of forensic nursing.
Correctional Nursing
Clients in this field are ______.
Care is _____and provided with recognition of safety and security issues for the nurse
And the constitutional rights of _____ to receive adequate and timely healthcare.
negotiated
–
prisoners
Presidential Decree (PD) ____ - Philippine ____ Code
Presidential Decree (PD) 442- Philippine Labor Code
The _________ Code on ________ of Safety and Health Standards
The Administrative Code on Enforcement of Safety and Health Standards
OSHS
The Occupational Safety and Health Standards (OSHS)
Executive Order ___ - Creating the Occupational Safety and Health _____
(OSH_) under the ECC
Executive Order 307 - Creating the Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) under the Employees Compensation Commission
PD ___: ECSIF
PD 626 - Employees Compensation and State Insurance Fund
RA _____ - _____ Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
RA 9165 - Comprehensive Drugs Act of 2002
RA ____: Toxic _____Act
RA 6969 - Toxic Substance Act
RA ____: Special Abuse, ______and _________ Act
RA 9231 - Special Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act
RA ____: Strengthening _________ with Occupational Safety and Health _______
Act of ____.
RA 11058 - Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards Act of 2017.
Encouraging nurses to pursue _______ practice
Establish singly or in collaboration
Health care related _____ establishments
business
Category: Entrepreneurship in Nursing
Examples: child wellness clinic, maternity clinics, wound care centers or training organizations.
The _____nurse is responsible for planning and conducting _____programs for teachers on health and nutrition.
training
8 School Health Programs Components
- Health education
- Physical education
- Health Services
- Nutrition services
- Family and community involvement
- Health promotion for staff
- Healthy school environment
- Counseling, psychological and social services
Emerging fields of Community and Public Health in the Philippines
- Home Health Care
- Hospice Home Care
- Faith Community Nursing or Parish Nursing
- Correctional Nursing
- Entrepreneurship in Nursing
- EntrepreNurse
_________ allows a patient to remain at home and still receive care instead of staying in a hospital or health institution for recovery or rehabilitation.
allows a patient to remain at home and still receive care instead of staying in a hospital or health institution for recovery or rehabilitation.
Chronically ill, convalescent patients, elderly, disabled who require custodial care, and high-risk pregnant women.
Home Health Care
______ is specifically rendered to the terminally ill.
Hospice Home Care
Hospice Home Care is specifically rendered to the terminally ill.
- to provide comfort to the terminally ill patient,
- to improve his/her quality of life
- to provides support to the patient
_______ care is particularly important in hospice care.
Palliative care
_________or ___________
is the practice of the art and science of nursing combined with spiritual care.
Faith Community Nursing or Parish Nursing
________ may work in either paid or unpaid positions in a variety of religious faiths.
It focuses on health promotion and provision of holistic care to members of the faith community.
Faith Community Nursing or Parish Nursing
Launched in 2013 and initiated by the (DOLE)
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
In collaboration with the Professional Regulatory Board of Nursing of the Philippines, DOH, PNA and other stakeholders
To promote nurse entrepreneurship
EntrepreNurse
