Lec 16: Cranial and Spinal Nerves

Question 1

Cranial Nerves

Olfactory Nerves (location)

Answer 1

From nasal mucosa to olfactory bulbs

Question 2

Cranial Nerves

Olfactory nerves (function)

Answer 2

Afferent sensory fibers for smell

Question 3

Cranial Nerves

Optic Nerves (location)

Answer 3

Fibers from retina form optic nerve which passes through optic foramen of orbit

Question 4

Cranial Nerves

Optic Nerves (function)

Answer 4

Afferent sensory fibers for vision

Question 5

Cranial Nerves

Oculomotor Nerves (location)

Answer 5

Fibers from ventral midbrain (near pons) through bony orbit eye

Question 6

Cranial Nerves

Oculomotor Nerves (function)

Answer 6

Adjust and coordinate eye position during movemen

4/6 extrinsic muscles of eyeball

Question 7

Cranial Nerves

Trochlear Nerves (pulley) (location)

Answer 7

Motor fibers from dorsal midbrain to superior oblique eye muscle

Question 8

Cranial Nerves

Trochlear Nerves (pulley) (function)

Answer 8

Innervates trochlea to lift the eyes so you can look down

Question 9

Trigeminal Nerves Divisions

Answer 9

Opthalmic division
Maxillary division
Mandibular division

Question 10

Ophthalmic Division (location)

Answer 10

Runs forward in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus below the oculomotor and trochlear nerves

Question 11

Ophthalmic Division (function)

Answer 11

Purely sensory (afferent) nerve

Question 12

Maxillary division (location)

Answer 12

Passes through the foramen rotundum and into the infraorbital canal, where, at the pterygopalatine fossa

Question 13

Maxillary division (function)

Answer 13

Supplies sensory innervation to the middle third of the face

Question 14

Mandibular Division (location)

Answer 14

Enters the infratemporal fossa and passes through the foramen ovale in the sphenoid bone

Question 15

Mandibular Division (function)

Answer 15

Transmits the sensory information from the lower third of the face

Question 16

Cranial Nerves

Abducens Nerves (location)

Not N.

Answer 16

In the pons at the floor of the fourth ventricle

Question 17

Cranial Nerves

Abducens Nerves (function)

Answer 17

Controls extrinsic eye muscle that abducts eyeball

Question 18

Cranial Nerves

Vestibulocochlear Nerves (location)

Not N.

Answer 18

Emerges from the brain at the cerebellopontine angle and exits the cranium via the internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone

Question 19

Cranial Nerves

Vestibulocochlear Nerves (function)

Answer 19

Sensory nerve for hearing and balance

Cochlear (hearing) and Vestibular (balance) branches

Question 20

Cranial Nerves

Facial Nerves (location)

Answer 20

From pons to lateral face

Question 21

Cranial Nerves

Facial Nerves (function)

Answer 21

Controls muscles that help you make expressions like raising an eyebrow, smiling or frowning

Question 22

Cranial Nerves

Vagus Nerves (location)

Answer 22

From your brain to your large intestine

Question 23

Cranial Nerves

Vagus Nerves (function)

Answer 23

Responsible for the regulation of internal organ functions, such as digestion, heart rate, and respiratory rate

Question 24

Cranial Nerves

Accessory Nerves (location)

Answer 24

From the medulla of the brainstem

Question 25

# Cranial nerves Accessory Nerves (function)

Answer 25

Head rotation; Head tilting; Neck flexion

Question 26

# Cranial Nerves Hypoglossal Nerves (location)

Answer 26

From the hypoglossal nuclei pair in the lower medulla

Question 27

# Cranial nerves Hypoglossale Nerves (function)

Answer 27

Enables tongue movement

Question 28

# Cranial Nerves Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, Such A Heaven

Answer 28

Olfactory nerve (CN I) Optic nerve (CN II) Occulomotor nerve (CN III) Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Abducens nerve (CN VI) Facial nerve (CN VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Vagus nerve (CN X) Accessory nerve (CN XI) Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 29

# Cranial Nerves Some say money matters, but my brother says big brains matter most | Sensory, motor or both

Answer 29

Sensory (CN I) Sensory (CN II) Motor (CN III) Motor (CN IV) Both (CN V) Motor (CN VI) Both (CN VII) Sensory (CN VIII) Both (CN IX) Both (CN X) Motor (CN XI) Motor (CN XII)

Question 30

# Spinal Nerves Cervical Plexus and Neck (location)

Answer 30

C1-C4; - innervates neck structures

Question 31

# Spinal nerves Cervical Plexus and Neck (function)

Answer 31

Provide skeletal muscle control of the neck and upper torso as well as providing cutaneous sensation to parts of the occiput, neck, and shoulder

Question 32

# Spinal Nerves Brachial Plexus and Upper Limb (location)

Answer 32

C5-C8; Most T

Question 33

# Spinal Nerves Brachial Plexus and Upper Limb (function)

Answer 33

Major network of nerves transmitting signals responsible for motor and sensory innervation of the upper extremities, including the shoulder, arm, and hand

Question 34

Axillary nerve

Answer 34

To/from shoulder

Question 35

Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 35

To/from biceps brachii and brachialis to flex arm

Question 36

Median nerve

Answer 36

Flexor muscles in anterior forearm and palm (Pronate forearm, flex wrist/fingers, oppose thumb) | (Pronate forearm, flex wrist/fingers, oppose thumb)

Question 37

Ulnar nerve

Answer 37

Medial to elbow (“funny bone”) & follows ulna along medial forearm | (Wrist & finger flexion and adduction & abduction of medial fingers)

Question 38

Radial nerve | C5-C8

Answer 38

To humerus and dorsal part of hand | elbow ext., supination forearm, extension wris &fingers, abduction thumb

Question 39

# Spinal Nerves- The Back Dorsal Rami

Answer 39

Follow the segmented plan to innervate dorsal muscles and skin; no recombining into plexus

Question 40

# Spinal Nerves - Anterolateral Thorax Ventral Rami | T1-T12

Answer 40

Simple & segmented as for the dorsal rami– no recombining into plexuses

Question 41

# Spinal Nerves - Lumbar Plexus Lumbar Plexus | L1-L4

Answer 41

Branches travel to abdominal wall muscles and anterior and medial thigh

Question 42

# Limbar Plexus Femoral Nerve

Answer 42

Anterior thigh muscles -> Thigh flexors and knee extensors

Question 43

# Lumbar Plexus Obturator Nerve

Answer 43

Medial thigh -> Adductor muscles

Question 44

# Spinal Nerves - Sacral Plexus Sacral Plexus | L4-S4

Answer 44

Immediately caudal to lumbar plexus- branches to buttocks, lower limbs, pelvis

Question 45

# Sacral Plexus 1) Sciatic Nerve | 1-3 connected

Answer 45

Posterior thigh

Question 46

# Sacral Plexus 2) Tibial Nerve | 1-3 are connected

Answer 46

Behind knee joint to posterior calf and sole of foot

Question 47

# Sacral Plexus 3) Common Fibular Nerve

Answer 47

To knee joint, calf (anterolateral) & dorsum of foot

Question 48

# Sacral Plexus 4) Superior & Inferior Gluteal Nerves

Answer 48

To buttocks

Question 49

5) Pudendal nerve

Answer 49

Muscles & skin of perineum (e.g. erection, voluntary urination)

Question 50

Dermatome

Answer 50

Area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve

Question 51

Endoneurium

Answer 51

Loose CT that encloses nerve fibre + associated myelin or neurilemma sheath

Question 52

Perinerium

Answer 52

Coarser CT wrapping around a group of fibres (fascicles)

Question 53

Epinerium

Answer 53

Tough fibres sheath around all the fascicles to make nerve