Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Lec 16 - Control of Breathing > Flashcards

Lec 16 - Control of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

what factors are responsible for generating alternating insp/exp rhythm

A

respiratory centres in the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what factors regulate magnitude of ventilation to match needs

A

chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

list the inspiratory muscles

A

diaphragm, external intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list the expiratory muscles

A

abdominal muscles, internal intercostal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is the respiratory control centres

A

in the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the primary RCC

A

the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the medulla

A

a cluster of neuronal cell bodies - output to respiratory muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the Pons infleunce

A

output from the medulla (primary RCC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two parts making up the Pons

A

the apneustic centre and the pneumotaxic centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the medulla is made of two neuronal clusters, what are these?

A

DRG and VRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

when the DRG fires it causes

A

inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when the DRG neurones cease firing it causes

A

expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the DRG communicates with the

A

VRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The DRG is primarily

A

inspiratory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the VRG consists of

A

inspiratory and expiratory neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the VRG is ____ during quiet breathing

A

inactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The VRG is important in

A

active expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What sets the respiratory rhythm

A

the pre-Botzinger complex - the upper end of VRG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the pre-Botzinger complex at the upper end of VRG display

A

pacemaker activity

20
Q

the synaptic input of the pre-Botzinger complex (upper end of VRG) drives the rate of firing of

A

DRG inspiratory neurones

21
Q

how many pontine centres are there

A

2

22
Q

what is the function of the pontine centres (pons)

A

fine tuning of output from primary RCC for smooth inspirations/expirations

23
Q

the pneumotaxic centre sends impulses to the

A

DRG

24
Q

when the pneumotaxic centre sends impulses to the DRG it does what?

A

switches off inspiratory neurons, limits duration of inspiration, allows expiration to occur normally

25
Q

what does the apneustic centre do?

A

stops inspiratory neurons being switched off, boots inspiratory drive

26
Q

which of the pontine centres are dominant

A

the pneumotaxic centre

27
Q

apneusis is a

A

unique pattern of breathing

28
Q

when is the Hering-Breuer Reflex triggered?

A

when the tidal volume is large, e.g. during exercise

29
Q

what does the Hering-Breuer Reflex prevent

A

over inflation of the lungs

30
Q

if the tidal volume exceeds 1litre, what happens to the pulmonary stretch receptors

A

they get activated

31
Q

when the pulmonary stretch receptors are activated what happens

A

APs travel via afferent nerves to primary RCC, inhibit inspiratory neurons, stops inspiration prevents over inflation

32
Q

the arterial blood gas content is highly regulated, how?

A

ventilation is varied to match the bodys needs

33
Q

what chemical factors increase ventilation?

A

decreased pO2, increased PCO2, increased H+

34
Q

chemoreceptors detect chemical changes, which types

A

peripheral and central

35
Q

where are the peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

carotid and aortic bodies

36
Q

the carotid and aortic bodies send afferent impulses to the

A

medullary RCC

37
Q

what is the main stimuli for peripheral (carotid and aortic bodies) to respond to

A

a decreased pO2 in arterial blood

38
Q

where are the central chemoreceptors

A

in the medulla

39
Q

why does an increased H+ have no effect on the central chemoreceptors

A

because H+ cannot penetrate BBB so not noticed

40
Q

what has the greatest effect on central chemoreceptors

A

the increased CO2 generating H+ in the brain ECF

41
Q

an increased CO2 generated H+ in the brain causes the medulla to recognise it and

A

increase ventilation

42
Q

what is the dominant control in pCO2

A

the central chemoreceptors (CO2 induced H+)

43
Q

what is the most important in regulating ventilation at rest

A

arterial pCO2

44
Q

arterial PO2 doesnt play a role in

A

normal ongoing respiration

45
Q

what are some involuntary factors that influence ventilation

A

protective (coughing/sneezing), emotional, swallowing, hiccups

Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions