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bio120 > lec 16-24 > Flashcards

lec 16-24 Flashcards

1
Q

sessile

A

unable to move (plants)

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2
Q

net primary productivity is equal to

A

C gained via photosynthesis - C lost via respiration

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3
Q

what did plants adapt to attract pollinators

A

flowers

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4
Q

methods for plants to combat overheating

A

evaporative cooling, close stomata

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5
Q

what happens to c3 plants at high temps

A

photorespiration

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6
Q

photorespiration is

A

when rubisco captures o2 instead of co2, and co2 is then produced

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7
Q

what do c4 plants do differently

A

have an enzyme that reduces photorespiration by prioritizing co2

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8
Q

what do cam plants do differently

A

open stomata at night, close stomata during day

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9
Q

what is root foraging

A

roots “search” for nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soil

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10
Q

poikilotherm

A

ectotherm

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11
Q

homeotherm

A

endotherm

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12
Q

microphylly

A

tiny leaves that produce turbulent airflow and inc thermal inertia

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13
Q

sclerophylly

A

needles instead of leaves

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14
Q

laminar flow

A

stagnant air build up, inc heat

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15
Q

turbulent flow

A

better for leaves, inc cooling

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16
Q

recursive digression

A

animals w sleeker shapes stay warmer in cool env.s

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17
Q

tropical rainforest root system

A

extensive and shallow b/c of nutrient rich topsoil

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18
Q

desert annual plant life cycle

A

fast germination, only grow during heavy rainfall

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19
Q

epiphytes

A

plants that grow on other plants

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20
Q

issues with epiphytes

A

water stressed, nutrient shortages

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21
Q

how is complexity added to exponential models

A

density dependence, time lags, species interactions

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22
Q

what is r

A

net growth rate = deaths “per individual”

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23
Q

what is lambda

A

net reproductive rate

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24
Q

what is relationship b/w lambda and r

A

ln(lambda) = r

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25
Q

exponential model is for ___ growth

A

continuous

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26
Q

geometric model is for ___ growth

A

discrete

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27
Q

if net reproductive rate < 1, death __ birth

A

>

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28
Q

if rate of increase > 1, death __ birth

A

<

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29
Q

why may a logistic eqn not be ideal

A

gradual approach to K and never surpassing K is unrealistic

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30
Q

May’s eqn (how is it diff from logistic)

A

incorporates time delays

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31
Q

type 1 survivorship curve means

A

P(death) lower at young age = lx high at young age and steeply drops off

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32
Q

type 2 survivorship curve

A

P(death) constant = lx decreases exponentially (loglx is a straight line)

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33
Q

type 3 survivorship curve

A

p(death) higher at young age = lx steeply drops off and tapers

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34
Q

fecundity schedules are usually ___ determined

A

genetically

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35
Q

r strategy

A

fast life history

36
Q

k strategy

A

slow life history

37
Q

semelparity

A

reproduce once then die

38
Q

monocarpic perennials

A

semelparous organisms that live more than 2 years

39
Q

types of semelparous plants

A

annual, biennial, monocarpic perennial

40
Q

iteroparity

A

has potential to reproduce multiple times

41
Q

what types of plants are perennials

A

iteroparous

42
Q

when is semelparity favoured?

A

reproductive output increased by accumulating resources for longer

43
Q

stochasticity

A

randomness of population growth - sometimes they just die

44
Q

demographic stochasticity

A

random events leading to variation in population growth

45
Q

environmental stochasticity

A

random effects of the environment on population growth

46
Q

what is a LV model adding to logistic

A

interspecific competition

47
Q

what is K (in terms of competition)

A

intraspecific competition braking term

48
Q

how is the variable for competition coefficient formatted

A

alpha superscript mn = competitive effect of species n on species m

49
Q

how are coexistence and equilibrium related

A

coexistence is when 2+ species have non zero pop size at equilibrium

50
Q

stability is

A

the ability of a system to return to equilibrium

51
Q

condition of stable coexistence

A

e/ species inhibits their own growth more than they inhibit the other species’ growth

52
Q

metapopulations - main takeaway??

A

everything is patchy

53
Q

metacommunity

A

set of local communities linked by the dispersal of 1 of their constituent species

54
Q

fugitive species

A

poor competitors so need to be better dispersers

55
Q

when does equilibrium happen? (relative to rates)

A

rate of colonization = rate of extinction

56
Q

e/c>1 => ?

A

metapopulation tends towards extinction

57
Q

e/c<1 => ?

A

metapopulation persists

58
Q

indirect effects

A

1 species alters the effect that another species has on a third

59
Q

method of figuring out what trophic level an organism is on

A

stable carbon isotopes

60
Q

top down effects

A

predators eating herbivores affects RLS b/w herbivore and plant

61
Q

bottom up effets

A

amt of plant available affects RLS b/w herbivore and predator

62
Q

how is LV modified for mutualisms

A

change alpha term to (+) instead of (-)

63
Q

types of mutualisms

A

nutritional, dispersal, defensive

64
Q

horizontally transmitted mutualisms

A

partners acquired anew each generation

65
Q

vertically transmitted mutualisms

A

partners passed down from gen to gen

66
Q

invasional meltdown

A

2 non native species facilitate one another’s spread w mutualism

67
Q

secondary metabolite

A

secondary chemicals produced by plants that are not essential for growth or development

68
Q

trichomes

A

hairs on stems and leaves on plants for defense

69
Q

constitutive defenses

A

defenses are always up

70
Q

folivory

A

leaf eating

71
Q

how is herbivore biodiversity explained

A

arms race b/w herbivorous insects and plants

72
Q

life dinner principle

A

unequal selection pressure for prey vs predator to make defenses

73
Q

amplification effect (community ecology of disease)

A

inc in host diversity may increase risk of spread to humans and animals

74
Q

dilution effect

A

inc in host diversity can dilute disease risk to humans or animals

75
Q

enemy release hypothesis

A

invasive species impact is heavy b/c of a lack of natural enemies

76
Q

predation is density-___

A

dependent

77
Q

predation RLS w competitive exclusion

A

predation can counteract competitive exclusion

78
Q

what does the LV model for predator prey look like

A

oscillating graph with lagged population cycles

79
Q

principle of competitive exclusion

A

2 species that compete for the same resources cannot coexist for long

80
Q

niche partitioning

A

splitting of a niche

81
Q

limiting similarity

A

max amt of niche overlap that allows 2 species to coexist

82
Q

scramble competition

A

depletion of shared resources through indirect interaction

83
Q

contest competition

A

depletion of shared resources through direct interaction

84
Q

another name for contest competition

A

interference competition

85
Q

where is there more species richness

A

more species near tropics than poles

86
Q
A

bio120 (4 decks)

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