Lec 13

Question 1

Process of gathering the useful portion of the crop from the field.

Answer 1

Harvesting

Question 2

In general usage, it includes an immediate post-harvesting, all
of the actions taken immediately after removing the crop – cooling, sorting, cleaning, packing –up to the point of further on-farm
processing, or shipping to the wholesale or consumer market.

Answer 2

Harvesting

Question 3

Cutting the panicles and straw.

Answer 3

Cutting

Question 4

(optional), Leaving the cut crop in the field and exposing it to the sun for drying.

Answer 4

Field Drying

Question 5

Moving the cut crop to the threshing location.

Answer 5

Hauling

Question 6

(optional), Temporarily storing the harvested crop in stacks or piles.

Answer 6

Stacking/Piling

Question 7

Removing immature, unfilled and non-grain materials.

Answer 7

Cleaning

Question 8

Separating the paddy grain from the rest of the cut crop.

Answer 8

Threshing

Question 9

Also termed as hand reaping, it includes plucking the ears of grain directly by hand, cutting the grain stalks with sickle, cutting them with a scythe, or with a later type of scythe called a cradle

Answer 9

Hand/Manual Harvesting

Question 10

Harvesting done by employing a mechanical reaper or reaping machine is termed as mechanical harvesting.

Answer 10

Mechanical Harvesting

Question 11

Manually operated tools used by farmers from planting operation up to
harvesting operation. A human powered instrument or implement usually without parts that
move relative to one another used to facilitate mechanical manual
operations.
This technology is the most basic level of mechanization where a human is the source for power using simple tools and implements.

Answer 11

Hand Tools

Question 12

A machine that cuts the standing crop, conveys the cut crop to one side, and lays them down in an orderly manner.

Answer 12

Reaper-windrower

Question 13

A machine that cuts the standing crop, binds the cut crop, and lays down the bound crop to one side.

Answer 13

Repear-Binder

Question 14

Free grains that fall with the cut stalks during delivery and release at the side of the reaper during operation.

Answer 14

Conveying Loss

Question 15

Grains that have fallen to the ground due to the
machine’s cutting operation.

Answer 15

Header Loss

Question 16

Cutting mechanism consists of planetary type circular saw-toothed blade which rotates at the same time with the pick-up triangular frame.

Answer 16

Rotary Knife

Question 17

Classifications of Reapers: Based on Cutting Mechanism

Answer 17

• Reciprocating Cutter Knife
• Rotary Knife

Question 18

Classifications of Reapers: Based on Transmission System

Answer 18

• Belt Drive
• Gear Drive

Question 19

Cutting mechanism consists of fixed lower knife and reciprocating upper knife wherein its movement is controlled by the crank connected to the gear box or belt drive.

Answer 19

Reciprocating Cutter Knife

Question 20

Cutting mechanism consists of fixed lower knife and reciprocating upper knife wherein its movement is controlled by the crank connected to the gear box or belt drive.

Answer 20

Reciprocating Cutter Knife

Question 21

Employed in hand tools.

Answer 21

Slicing/tearing action

Question 22

Use of sharp or dull edged blades moving at high velocity of 2,000 fpm to 9,000 fpm

Answer 22

High velocity, single-element, impact action

Question 23

Shearing action between the moving and stationary blades

Answer 23

Two-element, scissor type action

Question 24

Process of separating the grains from the straw.
Additionally, it may include cleaning the grains.

Answer 24

Threshing

Question 25

Grains are detached from their panicles because of a rubbing action as in treading by man, animal and vehicle. Output of man treading is 14 kg/h

Answer 25

Rubbing action

Question 26

Grains are accelerated faster than their panicles and are detached as in hampasan and mechanical threshers. Output of hampasan is 34 kg/hr. Output of mechanical threshers vary with
size of machine and power source.

Answer 26

Impact action

Question 27

Grains are detached from their panicles when the straw is pulled through a “V” configuration or a comb-like device is passed through the panicles.

Answer 27

Stripping action

Question 28

Manual as in pedal thresher or power thresher as in engine-driven thresher.

Answer 28

Power source

Question 29

Type of thresher wherein the panicles of the cut
plants are fed into the threshing chamber while the stacks are mechanically or manually held during the threshing operation. Straws do not pass through the threshing section. Low power requirement. Lightweight construction.

Answer 29

Hold-on type

Question 30

Type of thresher which detaches the grains by feeding the cuts plants into the machine. Straws pass through the threshing section. High power requirement. Heavyweight construction.

Answer 30

Throw-in type

Question 31

Classification of Thresher, Methods of Feeding

Answer 31

• Hold-on Type
• Throw-in Type

Question 32

Direction of Threshing Materials

Answer 32

• Axial Flow Type
• Tangential Flow

Question 33

Materials are fed between the revolving cylinder and stationary concave on one end, go around the cylinder several times axially and discharge at the other end. About 90% of the grains are separated from the straw at the cylinder.

Answer 33

Axial flow type

Question 34

Materials are feed between the revolving cylinder and stationary concave and go straight out of the
thresher tangentially.
About 60% of the grains pass through the concave and the rest are separated in subsequent
operations.

Answer 34

Tangential-flow

Question 35

Threshing Cylinder

Answer 35

• Peg-tooth cylinder
• Rasp-bar cylinder
• Wire- loop cylinder

Question 36

Type of threshing cylinder wherein the spikes or pegs are attached
on the periphery of the cylinder in tandem or in helical arrangement.

Answer 36

Peg-tooth cylinder

Question 37

Type of threshing cylinder wherein threshing is done between bar-like protrusions in parallel orientation laid on the periphery of the cylinder and stationary bars built into or attached to the concave grate.

Answer 37

Rasp-bar cylinder

Question 38

Type of threshing cylinder wherein wires of the same arc or size
are attached on the periphery of the cylinder in tandem arrangement with
or without the threshing concave.

Answer 38

Wire- loop cylinder