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Machinery > Lec 11 > Flashcards

Lec 11 Flashcards

1
Q

The process of providing plants the conditions that will make them free of weeds, pests, and diseases.

A

Crop Protection

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2
Q

The growing stage between planting and flowering constitutes the longest stay in the field
and the most vulnerable period of the crop.
Weeds compete with the available moisture and
nutrients if left uncontrolled.
Pests and diseases multiply above the economic
threshold levels if left uncontrolled.

A

Crop Protection

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3
Q

Modification of cultural practices such as time of planting and crop rotation.

A

Cultural Control

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4
Q

Change in the environment of the crop and the pest which favors the survival of the crop such as flooding to kill insects and weeds.

A

Ecological Control

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5
Q

Introduction of certain insects which feed on pests, application of chemosterilants to render the male sterile, or planting of certain plants whose odor drive pests away.

A

Biological Control

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6
Q

Breeding and planting of pest resistant varieties.

A

Physiological Control

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7
Q

Application of chemicals to control weeds, pests and diseases.

A

Chemical Control

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8
Q

Use of flame for the selective burning of weeds in crops whose stem is not injured by a short exposure to intense heat.

A

Flame Control

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9
Q

Use of tools, implements and machines

A

Mechanical Control

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10
Q

Unwanted plants growing in a field competing with the main crop for
nutrients, moisture, and sunlight.

A

Weeds

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11
Q

Plants injured (i.e. torn leaves, broken stems, and/or
uprooted plant) that may affect crop growth.

A

Damaged plants

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12
Q

Implement used to remove/destroy the weeds from agricultural
land.

A

Weeder

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13
Q

The percentage of weeds
removed/destroyed per unit area.

A

Weeding efficiency or Weeding Index

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14
Q

The percentage of plants injured during the weeding operation

A

Percent damaged plants

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15
Q

Classification of Weeders: Based on Soil Working Part

A
  • Blade Type
  • Tine Type
  • Rotary Type
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16
Q

Classification of Weeders: Based on Power Source

A
  • Manual Weeder
  • Animal Drawn Weeder
  • Tractor-Drawn Weeder
  • Power Weeder
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17
Q

Rectangular, triangular and crescent shapes with cutting edges sharpened and hardened for soil cutting and weed uprooting.

A

Blade type Weeder

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18
Q

Straight or curved, round or square cross-section steel rods sharply pointed and hardened at the soil working end.

A

Tine type Weeder

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19
Q

Example of Blade Type Weeder

A
  • Rectangular Shape
  • Triangular Shape
  • Crescent Shape
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20
Q

Example of Tine Type Weeder

A
  • Straight, square tine
  • Curved, square tine
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21
Q

Curved spikes or paddles attached radially to a common axle which rotate when pushed forward to uproot and bury weeds.

A

Rotary type Weeder

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22
Q

Example of Rotary Type Weeder

A
  • Curved Spikes
  • Straight Spikes / Puddles
23
Q

Hand-held or push-type weeders for upland or lowland.

A

Manual weeders

24
Q

Utilize the blade and tine type of soil working parts with short (< 0.5 m), medium (< 1m) and long (> 1m) handles.

A

Hand-held weeders

25
Q

Utilize any of the three types of soil working parts for upland (wheel hoe) and lowland (rotary weeder) weeding.

A

Push-type weeders

26
Q

Soil working parts are mounted on a frame or tool bar pulled by an animal for upland weeding.

A

Animal-drawn weeders

27
Q

Soil working parts are mounted on a frame or tool bar pulled by a two-wheel or four-wheel tractor for upland/dry field weeding.

A

Tractor-drawn weeders

28
Q

Rotary type weeder driven by its own engine for lowland/wet field weeding.

A

Power weeders

29
Q

Size of the Area per Trial: Hand-held

A

20 sqm

30
Q

Size of the Area per Trial: Push type

A

100 sqm

31
Q

Size of the Area per Trial: Animal-drawn

A

250 sqm

32
Q

Size of the Area per Trial: Two-wheel Tractor-drawn

A

500 sqm

33
Q

Size of the Area per Trial: Four-Wheel Tractor-Drawn weeders

A

1,000 sqm

34
Q

Performance Requirements

A
  • The weeding efficiency shall be at least 80%.
  • The percentage of plant damage shall not exceed 6 %.
35
Q

An operation that requires some kind of tool that will stir the surface of the soil to shallow depth in such a manner that young weeds will be destroyed and crop growth promoted.

A

Cultivation

36
Q

Cultivation to control weeds by stirring the soil may start on the prepared seedbed prior to planting, the soil can be cultivated before emergence for some crops.

A

Cultivating Equipment

37
Q

Objectives of Cultivation

A
  1. Retain moisture by:
    a) Killing weeds
    b) Loose mulching on surface
    c) Retaining rainfall
  2. Develop plant food
  3. Aerate the soil to allow oxygen to penetrate soil.
  4. Promote activity of microorganisms
38
Q

Implement for seedbed preparation, weed eradication, or fallow cultivation subsequent to some form of primary tillage, equipped with spring steel shanks.

A

Field Cultivator

39
Q

Classification of Field Cultivators: According to Type of Driving Tractor

A
  • Two wheel tractor driven
  • Four wheel tractor driven
40
Q

Classification of Field Cultivators: According to Type of Mounting

A
  • Rear Mounted
  • Front Mounted
41
Q

Classification of Field Cultivators: According to Type of Shank

A
  • “C”-shaped shank or C-shank
  • “S” or “K”-tine shank
42
Q

Type of field cultivator wherein a two-wheel tractor is used to drive the soil tool.

A

Two-wheel Tractor Driven

43
Q

Type of field cultivator wherein a four-wheel tractor is used to drive the soil tool.

A

Four-wheel Tractor Driven

44
Q

Type of field cultivator wherein the implement is mounted behind the tractor.

A

Rear Mounted

45
Q

Type of field cultivator wherein main frame is mounted far behind the tractor.

A

Drawn type cultivator

46
Q

Type of field cultivator wherein main frame is mounted to the rear of the tractor using the three-point hitch linkages.

A

Three-point hitch mounted

47
Q

Type of field cultivator wherein main frame is mounted on the front of the tractor.

A

Front Mounted

48
Q

The one which atomizes the spray fluid into small droplets and eject it with little force for distributing it properly.
Regulates the amount of pesticide to avoid excessive application that might prove wasteful or harmful.

A

Sprayers

49
Q

Most popular way of applying chemicals in the Philippines is with the use of?

A

Knapsack sprayers

50
Q

Used primarily for the application of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and plant nutrients.

A

Sprayers

51
Q

Nozzles: Performance is dependent on hydraulic energy as follows

A
  1. The higher the pressure, the smaller the droplets
  2. The higher the pressure, the higher the flow rate
  3. The higher the pressure, the wider the spray angle
52
Q

Produces a cone shaped pattern of spray which
could be hollow or solid cone. Best suited for spraying crops because it produces a spray in
which droplets approach the leaves from several angles. The pressure is high and the orifice is
small.

A

Cone type Nozzle

53
Q

Produces flat pattern. Best suited for spraying flat surfaces as in the application of herbicides. The pressure is low and the orifice is large.

A

Fan type Nozzle

54
Q

This is carried out to determine the ratio of the actual volume of fluid discharge to that of the piston or plunger displacement in one stroke.

A

Volumetric Efficiency

Machinery (5 decks)

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