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247 > Lec 13-15: Respiratory Pharmacology > Flashcards

Lec 13-15: Respiratory Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of nasal cavity

A

Warms, humidifies, and filters air

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2
Q

What happens when you leave sinusitis for way too long. Like years of sinusitis (gurl u need help)

A

Mucus/pus (หนอง) is congested due to paralyzed cilia and the หนอง is acidic and will dissolve the bone and when you reach the brain it will cause meningitis oh noooo

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3
Q

COPD is a combination of … and ….

A

Bronchitis and emphysema

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4
Q

Another name for rhinitis is …..

It is caused by …… but sometimes complicated by superinfection with …..

A

Common cold
Virus
Bacteria

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5
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis (…..)

Most representative presentation is …..

Most of it is caused by …..

A

Croup

Barking/metallic cough

Influenza VIRUS

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6
Q

Croup in adults use …

But croup in children have to use ….. because …..

A

Selective B2 agonist

Nonselective adrenergic agonist e.g. adrenaline

Not sure but they talked about steeple’s sign and how childrens larynx are more easily collapsible

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7
Q

If patient is breathing and there is no wheezing but they dont look well

A

Idk if there will be rapid, labored breathing too but it is most likely bronchiolitis that is very severe because the air way is almost or completely closed

There will only be wheezing when the hole’s size is compromised but not completely

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8
Q

แน่นจมูกมาก ใช่ยากลุ่มไหนดี

A

Decongestant

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9
Q

น้ำมูกเยอะ ใช้ยากลุ่มไหน

A

Antihistamine

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10
Q

IgE is on a ….. cell and antigen attaches onto the IgE

The cell releases 4 compounds, what are they?

What do these compounds cause?

A

Mast

NCF, ECF-A, Histamine, leukotrienes

Smooth muscle constriction, mucus hypersecretion, dilation of blood vessels and tissue edema

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11
Q

Properties of antihistamines (H1)

A

Antihistamine
Antimuscarinic
Sedative

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12
Q

MOA of antihistamines

A

Competitive inhibition (cannot push can only bind unoccupied)

More effective in preventing than reversing

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13
Q

Antihistamines effects and side effects

A

Effects: reduce vasodilation, permeability, flare and itching

Side effects: drying (blurred vision, constipation), drowsiness (v1)

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14
Q

Traditional antihistamines

A

Diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine

ขอให้ได้เป็นโปรได้มะ

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15
Q

Nonsedating peripherally acting antihistamines

A

Longer duration

Fexofenadine, loratidine, cetirizine

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16
Q

Causes of nasal congestion

A

Allergies

Upper respiratory tract infection (common cold)

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17
Q

Types of decongestants

A

Adrenergics - biggest, sympathomimetics
Anticholinergics - less, parasympatholytics
Corticosteroids - topical

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18
Q

Is there rebound congestion in oral decongestants

A

No

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19
Q

Oral decongestants

A

Pseudoephredrine (sudafed)

exclusively adrenergic

20
Q

Topical nasal decongestants

A

Adrenergics:

  • vicks - desoxyephedrine
  • phenylephrine

Intranasal steroids:

  • beclomethasone dipropionate
  • flunisolide
  • fluticasone
21
Q

Nasal decongestant side effects

A

Adrenergic: nervous, insomnia, palpitations, systemic effects due to adre stim of heart bv and cns

Steroids: local mucosal dryness and irritation

22
Q

Antitussives used only for …….. coughs

A

Nonproductive!

23
Q

Types of antitussives

A

Opioid and nonopioid

24
Q

Opioids act at the ……… in the …….

A

Cough center in the medulla

25
Q

Opioids examples

A

Codeine

Hydrocodone

26
Q

Nonopioids suppress coughs by

A

Preventing cough reflex stimulation

27
Q

Examples of nonopioids

A

Dextromethorphan

Benzonatate

28
Q

Expectorants used in ….Coughs

A

Productive

29
Q

Bronchodilator groups?

A

Sympathomimetics agents (B2 selective)
Methylxanthine drugs
Antimuscarinic

30
Q

Sympathomimetic agents examples

A 
Epinephrine
Ephedrine
Isoproterenol b1,2
Albuterol
Other B2 selective
31
Q

Bronchodilation is increased by increasing ……

This can be done by promoting …. or inhibiting …..

A

cAMP

B adrenoceptors which increases its synth by adenylyl cyclase or inhibition of PDE

32
Q

Bronchoconstriction can be inhibited by …..

A

Muscarinic and adenosine antagonists

33
Q

Methylxanthine drugs for example ….. are ineffective by ….. thus must be taken …..

A

Theophylline, theobromine and caffeine

Aerosol

Systemically

34
Q

MOA of methylxanthine drugs

A

Inhibti PDE enz

PDE4 inhibition = inhibit release of cytokines

PDE inhibition has many effects such as smooth muscle relaxation

35
Q

Methylxanthine drugs examples selective inhibitors of PDE4

A

Roflumilat, cilomilast, tofimilast

36
Q

What does adenosine do in the airway

A

Provoke contraction of airway s.m. And histamine release

37
Q

At larger doss, what can methylxanthine cause (nervous system + cardio)

A

Nervousness tremors แบบใจสั่น

38
Q

Sustained release theophylline is effective for ……… a…….

A

Nocturnal asthma

39
Q

Theophylline not first line drug for asthma because it has a n……… t……… w………

A

Narrow therapeutic window

40
Q

Use of methylxanthines

A

Theophylline- most effective bronchodilator — ACUTE ASTHMA, also improves LONGTERMCONTROL

Sustained release used for nocturnal asthma

41
Q

Chronic theophylline can cause (toxicity)…..

A

Severe cardiac arrythmia and seizures

42
Q

Anticholinergics MOA

A

Muscarinic antagonists block ach released from nerve endings of vagus - block s.m. Contraction and mucus secretion

43
Q

Examples of anticholinergics

A

Ipratropium bromide and tiotropium bromide

44
Q

Why use antimuscarinic?

A

B2 agonist is more potent but some people are intolerant

45
Q

Ipratropium

A

Inhaled in high doses

Poorly abs in cir

Adjunctive therapy w/ B2 in acute severe asthma when B2 is not enuf la

EFFECTIVE in COPD patients

46
Q

Tiotropium

A

COPD treatment

Inhaled

247 (5 decks)

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