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An Sc 310 > Lec 12 - Autonomic NS > Flashcards

Lec 12 - Autonomic NS Flashcards

1
Q

what does autonomic mean

A

-not under voluntary ctrl but at a subconscious lvl

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2
Q

what are the two branches of the ANS

A

-sympathetic and parasympathetic

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3
Q

what is dual innervation

A

-the fact that both divisions of the ANS innervate most effector organ

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4
Q

what is the primary fxn of the ANS

A

regulate organs to maintain homeostasis

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5
Q

which ANS division is active during “rest and digest” and “fight or flight”

A

-rest: parasympathetic
-fight: sympathetic

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6
Q

what two neurons run from the CNS to effector organs

A

-preganglionic neuron
-postganglionic neuron

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7
Q

what are the autonomic ganglia

A

-cluster of synapses b/w the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
-called intrinsic (intermediary) neurons

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8
Q

what are the effector organs of the ANS

A

-cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands, adipose tissue

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9
Q

where do preganglionic neurons of the SNS stem from

A

-thoracolumbar spinal cord (in the lateral horn which consists of grey matter)

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10
Q

what do short preganglionic and long postganglionic of the sympathetic NS connect to, how are they linked, what are the exceptions to this anatomy

A

-short go to the sympathetic chain
-long go from the chain to effector organs
-ganglia are linked tgt in a sympathetic chain
-exceptions: adrenal medulla, collateral ganglia outside the chain

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11
Q

where do preganglionic neurons enter and exit the sympathetic chain, which neurons do they communicate w

A

-exits via ventral root of spinal cord
-enter spinal nerve
-axons leave spinal nerve as white ramus and enter sympathetic ganglia
-communicate w ganglia in postganglionic neurons

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12
Q

where do postganglionic neurons exit the sympathetic chain, through what nerve do they travel to effector organs

A

-leave ganglia as grey ramus and re enter in the spinal nerve
-spinal nerve

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13
Q

what are the hormones of the adrenal medulla

A

-epinephrine, norepinephrine, sm amt of dopamine

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14
Q

what are the collateral ganglia

A

-the third type of anatomical arrangement of sympathetic fibres
-includes: celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, inferior mesenteric ganglia

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15
Q

where are the celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, inferior mesenteric ganglia

A

-celiac: innervate stomach, liver, spleen
-sup: innervate SI, upper LI, kidneys
-inf: innervate LI, bladder, repro organs

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16
Q

what is the diff b/w the thoracolumbar and craniosacral division of the ANS

A

-thoraco = sympathetic, spends energy
-cranio = parasympathetic, produces energy

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17
Q

where do the preganglionic neurons of the para NS originate from

A

-brainstem and sacral spinal cord

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18
Q

what do the long preganglionic and short postganglionic neurons of the para NS do

A

-long pre: go to ganglia near effector organ, communicate w postganglionic neuron in ganglia
-short post: go from ganglia to effector organs

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19
Q

what is the oculomotor nerve

A

cranial nerve III that innervates smooth muscle of the eye, makes lens globe shape and improves near vision

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20
Q

what is the facial nerve

A

cranial nerve VII in the face to innervate salivary glands to increase secretions

21
Q

what is the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

cranial nerve IX that innervates smooth muscle of throat (incl middle ear and eust tube)

22
Q

what is the vagus nerve

A

cranial nerve X that innervates heart, lungs, stomach, SI, liver

23
Q

do the sacral nerves of the para NS join the spinal nerve, what do they innervate

A

-no
-innervate colon, bladder, repro organs to increase activity

24
Q

what do the afferent and efferent fibres of the autonomic nerves do

A

-aff: send info from visceral receptors to CNS, provide feedback ab internal enviro for maintaining homeostasis
-eff: form autonomic NS

25
Q

what are the two primary NTs in the peripheral NS, what are their neurons called

A

-acetylcholine (cholinergic)
-norepinephrine (adrenergic)

26
Q

what neurons secrete acetylcholine and norepinephrine

A

-acetyl: preganglionic neurons of SNS and PNS, and parasymp postgangl neurons
-norep: sympathetic postgangl neuron

27
Q

what is the sole NT of the somatic branch

A

acetylcholine

28
Q

what are the two classes of cholinergic receptors

A

-nicotinic
-muscarinic

29
Q

what do nicotinic receptors do, are they excit/inhibitory

A

-open cation channels, Na, K
-open channels causes depol
-excitation

30
Q

what do muscarinic receptors do, are they excit/inhibitory

A

-G protein coupled receptors
-effects dep on target cell
-either

31
Q

which type of cholinergic receptors do autonomic postganglionic neurons, effector organs, skeletal muscle have

A

-nicotinic: postgangl, skeletal
-muscarinic: effector organs

32
Q

what are the classes and subclasses of adrenergic receptors

A

-alpha: 1, 2
-beta: 1, 2, 3

33
Q

where are alpha adrenergic receptors located, are they excit/inhib, what NTs do they have high affinity for

A

-in effector organs of sympathetic NS
-excitatory
-greater for norepi than epi

34
Q

what do beta adrenergic receptors do, what NTs do they have affinity for

A

-activate cAMP
-affinities for norepi and epi vary

35
Q

beta 1 receptors: location, effect, affinity

A

-cardiac muscle and kidneys
-excitatory
-equal for norepi and epi

36
Q

beta 2 receptors: location, effect, affinity

A

-blood vessels and smooth muscle
-inhibitory
-greater affinity for epi

37
Q

beta 3 receptors: location, effect, affinity

A

-adipose tissue
-excitatory
-greater for norepi

38
Q

what are neuroeffector jxns

A

-synapses b/w efferent and effector organ in autonomic NS
-b/w postgangl neuron and effector organ

39
Q

where and how are NTs stored in neuroeffector jxns

A

-axon swellings called varicosities
-released when AP occurs in postgangli

40
Q

what happens in an autonomic varicosity

A

-they are autonomic postgangli axons that end in swollen areas
-contain NTs
-branched ends of axon lie across surface of target tissue
-NT released into ISF to find receptors
-single postgangl can affect large area of target tissue

41
Q

what happens at the neuroeffector jxns

A
  1. AP arrives at varcosity
  2. depol opens voltage gated Ca channels
  3. Ca entry causes NT exocytosis
  4. NT binds to receptors on effector organ
  5. response in effector organ
  6. NT either degraded, diffuses away, reuptaken
42
Q

how does the body maintain homeostasis through balance of autonomic NS

A

-dual innervation
-balance w para and sym branches

43
Q

what is parasympathetic activity

A

-relax
-rest and digest
-increase GI activities
-decrease heart rate and bp

44
Q

what is sympathetic activity

A

-fight or flight
-emergency, phys activity
-increase heart rate and bp
-mobilize energy stores
-dilate pupils
-decrease GI and urinary
-support daily activities

45
Q

does symp or para NS dominate at rest

A

-para

46
Q

what areas of the brain regulate autonomic

A

-hypothalamus, pons, medulla oblongata

47
Q

what does the hyp regulate in symp fxns

A

-fight or flight
-body temp, food intake, water balance

48
Q

what does the medulla oblongata and pons do for autonomic NS

A

-cardiovasc and resp fxns
-ctrl heart rate, blood vessels, smooth muscle in resp, regulate breathing

49
Q

what autonomic reflexes are the brainstem and spinal cord involved in

A

-brainstem: pupillary light, vomiting, swallowing
-spinal cord: urination, defecation, erection, ejaculation

An Sc 310 (7 decks)

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