lec 11

Question 1

vision loss without eye loss

Answer 1

lose early visual areas like V1, lose visual awareness

not entirely blind -> blindsight

Question 2

blindsight

Answer 2

sight has two different pathways

• more sophisticated goes to thalamus, then visual cortex for conscious vision
• animal pathway, goes to brain stem for reflexive behavior

Question 3

Ben

Answer 3

Human Echolocation

• plasticity of brain.
• partial compensation by audition with visual areas of brain

Question 4

Plasticity of Brain

Answer 4

Visual system recruited by

• touch (somatosensation)
• audition (echolocation)

Ex: Ben, Sharon (hydrocephalus)

Question 5

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 5

powerful brief magnetic field disrupt neural processing

Question 6

remapping

Answer 6

• part of sensory cortex no longer receives information from the body
• it is invaded by nearby cortex

Question 7

Phantom limbs

Answer 7

• before amputation, limbs often in uncomfortable positions (car accidents)
• cortex still registers limb in painful position
• Solution: visual feedback from mirror -> what you feel depends in part on what you see

Question 8

Plasticity in Frogs

Answer 8

during embryonic development, insert another eye, so that it will also innervate the contralateral hemisphere

Question 9

Removed left half of brain to stop seizures

Answer 9

• significant remapping when damage in early life

- speech ability migrated to right side

Question 10

adaptation

Answer 10

brain flexible even in later life
not as flexible as immature brain but processing with cortex can change to suit the environment.
ex: upside down vision