Lec 1 - The Male Reproductive System

Question 1

What happens in the lumen of the straight tubule?

Answer 1

Sperm Is released.

Question 2

What happens in the seminiferous tubule?

Answer 2

Spermatogenesis

Question 3

What separates the seminiferous tubules from one another?

Answer 3

separated from each other by fibrous tissue.

Question 4

Where do the testes originate from?

Answer 4

The testes originate from the abdominal cavity.

They descend and puncture their way through the abdominal wall taking with them some peritoneum down into the scrotum.

Question 5

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 5

This is when the tunica vaginalis fills with fluid.

Question 6

What are the two major cell types in the testes?

Answer 6

• Sertoli cells - in the tubules.

- Leidig cells - In the interstitium.

Question 7

Where does the lymph from scrotal skin drain?

Answer 7

drains into the inguinal region.

Question 8

Where does the lymph from testes drain?

Answer 8

drains into the para-aortic lymph nodes.

Question 9

Where does the testicular artery originate from?

Answer 9

originates from the abdominal aorta.

Question 10

Where does the left testicular vein drain into?

Answer 10

drains into the left renal vein.

Question 11

Where does the right testicular vein drain into?

Answer 11

drains into the Inferior Vena cava.

Question 12

How is the Pampiniform plexus formed?

Answer 12

• the testicular vein forms a plexus around the testicular artery
• vine shaped

Question 13

What does the pampiniform plexus allow?

Answer 13

• helps to transfer heart from hot arterial blood into cool venous blood.
• This is called counter current arrangement.

Question 14

Why is testicular tortion very serious?

Answer 14

You can lose blood supply, meaning that the testes become necrotic and you lose them.

Question 15

How do the testes become twisted?

Answer 15

• The testes are invaginated in the tunica vaginalis.
• The testes and visceral layer of the tunica can twist if there is a bell clapper deformity.
• venous drainage become occluded.
• This followed by more swelling, arterial occlusion and eventually the testes start to die.

Question 16

Why can the testes not swap sides?

Answer 16

• This is because the septum in the midline (cremaster) stops them from swapping sides.

Question 17

How do the testes evaginate the abdominal wall?

Answer 17

-They are pulled through by the gubernaculum, forming the spermatic fascia that surrounds the testis and its vessels.

Question 18

How is the spermatic cord formed?

Answer 18

As the testes descend, they form the spermatic cord behind them.

Question 19

What are the three fascial layers in the spermatic cord and where do they originate from?

Answer 19

1. Internal spermatic fascia - deepest - from the transversus abdominis muscle.
2. Cremasteric fascia - from internal oblique muscle.
3. External spermatic fascia - from external oblique

Question 20

What are the three arteries in the spermatic cord?

Answer 20

• testicular artery - supplies the testes with blood
• arteries to the vas deferens
• Cremasteric artery - supplies the cremasteric fascia, it has muscle fibres within it.

Question 21

What are the three veins in the spermatic cord?

Answer 21

• testicular vein - load of veins surrounding the testicular artery in pampiniform plexus.
• vein to the vas deferens.
• Cremasteric vein - drains the cremaster muscle.

Question 22

What are the three nerves in the spermatic cord?

Answer 22

• Cremasteric nerve - supplies the cremaster muscle.
• sympathetic nerve to the vas
• ilioinguinal nerve (sits outside the spermatic cord)

Question 23

What does the cremasteric muscle do?

Answer 23

It regulates the height at which the testes sit.

Question 24

Describe the pathway of the ureter in females and males?

Answer 24

females - the ureter passes under the uterine artery

males - passes beneath the ductus deferens, water under the bridge.

Question 25

What occurs in the seminal vesicle?

Answer 25

• substrate is added to the products of the vas (ductus deferens)

Question 26

What are the secretions of the ejaculatory duct and proportions?

Answer 26

• 10% from the testes - epididymis and testicle
• 65% from the seminal vesicle
• 25% from the prostate gland

Question 27

Where do prostate cancers tend to be?

Answer 27

Tend to be in the peripheral zone.

Question 28

Where does BPH act best?

Answer 28

BPH tends to affect the transitional zone - the portion of the prostate that surrounds the urethra.

Question 29

What are functions of the penis?

Answer 29

• expulsion of urine via urethra.
• deposition of sperm in female genital tract.
• Removal of competitors sperm

Question 30

What is the structure of the penis?

Answer 30

The penis is a hydraulic device that is filled with lots of erectile tissue.

• The corpus cavernosum get firm during an erection.
• The corpus spongiosum has smaller pressure.

Question 31

How is an erection and ejaculation brought about?

Answer 31

• Vasodilation in penile arterioles and compression of veins results in erection.
• Vasodilation is initiated by parasympathetic stimulation.
• Erection is terminated by vasoconstriction (sympathetic)
• Ejaculation is a complex process primarily orchestrated by the sympathetic system.

Question 32

Why does penis enlargement operations not work?

Answer 32

Because the penis is anchored by bone.

Question 33

How are the penis and clitoris similar?

Answer 33

They have the same attachments.

clitoris is basically a mini penis without a urethra running through it.

Question 34

What are the two types of fibres in the tunica albuginea of the penis and what do they do?

Answer 34

• circular and longitudinal.

- They work together to give the penis its cylindrical shape during erection.

Question 35

How are the collagen fibres in the tunica albuginea arranged?

Answer 35

They are arranged at right angles to each other (one circumferential, one parallel to the penile long axis).