Lec 1: Introduction to Cell Biology Flashcards
what are the seven processes that are common to living things
– Movement
– Sensitivity
– Growth
– Reproduction
– Excretion
– Nutrition
– Respiration
Define movement
living things can direct and control where and when the move.
Define Sensitivity
living things can detect and repsond to changes in the environment around them
Define Growth
increasing in size, maturity and complexity
Define Reproduction
cells divide to form two identical daughter cells (Mitosis)
Genetic information in the nucleus is duplicated
Mitosis allows cells in tissues to divide for growth and repair
Define Excretion
The chemical proccesses essential for life produce toxic/unwanted waste which must be excreted
Define Nutrition
nutrients provide the raw materials for energy to fuel life processes, growth and repair
Define Respiration
Process of oxidizing organic food molecules (e.g. glucose) to carbon dioxide and water (CO 2 + H 2 O )
The energy released is trapped in the form of ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities of the cell
state the different parts in the levels of organisation within living things
- Chemical components (atoms, molecules)
- Cell components (organelles)
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ systems
- Organism
- Populations
Define Tissues
collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function
Define Organs
group of tissues in a living organism adapted to perform a specific bodily function
Define Organ systems
group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions
what is a prokaryotic cell? give examples (3)
an organism whose cell generally lacks a true nucleus and no membrane bound organelles e.g bacteria, archaea
what are basic features of animal cells and state their function
Nucleus: Contains genetic information as DNA
The cytoplasm: gel-like mix in which biochemical reactions occur
Plasma membrane: a selective barrier Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell
what are the basic features of a plant cell and state the function of each feature
Rigid cell wall:
Composed of fibres of cellulose Cellulose
fibres outside plasma membrane
Large vacuole:
fluid-filled space or vesicle within the cytoplasm enclosed by a membrane
Helps to maintain cell turgor (=rigidity due to fluid )
Storage/movement of substances Some animal cells also have vacuoles
Chloroplasts:
Small round structures containing chlorophyll Green pigment
Used in photosynthesis use of sunlight to synthesise nutrients from CO2 and H2O with the release of O2
