lec 1 Flashcards
mental health
Wider determinants of health and wellbeing
Holistic:
Physical, emotional, psychological
Self-actualisation
Personal goals
Being productive
‘Belonging’
well-being
Overarching concept , Dynamic state
How people:
Feel
Function
Evaluate their lives -> ‘Satisfaction’
Impact of context/external factors on well-being
Autonomy, Control, Purpose
ubanicity’ increases incidence of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (higher in urban vs rural settings)
New Economics Foundation – model of well-being (2012)
public sector equality duty
Eliminate unlawful conduct prohibited by the Act e.g. discrimination, harassment and victimisation
Advance equality of opportunity between people
Foster good relations between people who share a “protected characteristic” and those who do not
protected characteristics
Age
Disability
Gender reassignment
Marriage and civil partnership
Pregnancy and maternity (including breast feeding)
Race
Religion and belief (including lack of belief)
Sex
Sexual orientation
NHS principles: 3 core principles
Universal: to provide same standard of health care throughout the UK
Comprehensive: cover all health needs
Free at the point of delivery: available to all citizens equally on the basis of need, not ability to pay.
LGBTQ+ mental helath
1.5 times higher risk: depression, anxiety, substance use/misuse
2-4 times higher risk of suicide in gay men
Self-harm rates 2 x general population
35% gay young people NOT bullied are depressed
30% self-report ‘fairly/very happy’ vs 40% general population (pre-COVID).
Discrimination, social stress, concealment, stigma internalised homophobia linked with worse mental health
race and mental health
For example, Black people more likely to:
Be diagnosed with psychosis (e.g. 6-9 times great risk schizophrenia compared with White British) and compulsorily admitted to hospital (4 times more likely to be ‘sectioned’ under the Mental Health Act(2007)
Report worse care experience
Have poorer treatment outcomes
Disengage from mainstream mental health services
ethnicity and mental health
African/Black Caribbean: Lower rates of diagnosed common mental disorders (CMD) (e.g. anxiety & depression) than other groups but higher rates severe mental illness (SMI)
South Asian: Low rates of suicide and depression in men, high in women. High rates of alcohol use in Indian men.
East Asian: Lack of information
White Irish: High rates depression, alcohol use, increased risk of suicide – especially men
womens mental health
Overall, no significant in numbers of men and women experiencing MH problems (50% hospital admission)
Depression 2:1 (women: men)
60% OCD, phobia = women
PTSD 20.4% for women vs 8.1% for men
Link between reproductive cycle and MH problems e.g. ‘perinatal depression’ (15% women)
Life expectancy & Mental Ill-health
the difference in life expectancy for men with diagnosed mental illness and those without is 16 years for males, 12 years for females
Majority excess deaths due to physical conditions:
Cardiovascular disease:
32% male, 46% female patients with schizophrenia
‘Other psychoses’: 33% male, 41% female
Neurotic disorders: 38% male, 38% female
Children of people diagnosed with mental health problems do less well
Around 66% of parents with SMI live with one or more children under 18 (about 17,000 children and young people in the UK)
175,000 ‘young carers’
Some children of parents with SMI experience greater levels of emotional, psychological and behavioural problems vs peers in population
Poorer academic attainment higher risk mental illness
deaf people
Associated with:
40% Deaf children experience mental health difficulties compared with 25% hearing children
Prevalence of depression and anxiety 33% compared with 15% rest of the population
Deaf children in families with communication difficulties (e.g. ‘language deprivation’) 4 times more likely to develop psychological difficulties than families with no communication difficulties
Increased risk of bullying, social isolation, increased risk of suicide
Reduced educational attainment and health literacy
