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BIOM 3090 > Lec 1 > Flashcards

Lec 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are drugs categorized (scheduled) based on? (3)

A
  • safety concerns
  • abuse potential
  • ease of patient use
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2
Q

What does scheduling of drugs dictate? (2)

A
  • how drug is obtained
  • how drug is prescribed / dispensed
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3
Q

What is the website u can find drug scheduling?

A

NAPRA (national association of pharmacy regulatory authorities)

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4
Q

What is NAPRA I?

A

Drugs that are obtained with a prescription and come from a pharmacist

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5
Q

Pr meaning in NAPRA I?

A

Prescription drugs

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6
Q

N meaning in NAPRA I?

A

Narcotics

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7
Q

C1,C2,C3 In NAPRA I and which is the most concerning

A

Controlled substances, 1 being the most concerning

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8
Q

TS in NAPRA I and an example

A

Target substances (fentanyl patch)

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9
Q

What is NAPRA II?

A

Drugs that do not require a prescription but are still obtained from a pharmacist

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10
Q

What is NAPRA III?

A

Drugs that are obtained over the counter - any pharmacy u can grab and go - zantac

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11
Q

What are unscheduled drugs?

A

Drugs that are obtained at any retail store aswell as pharmacy (Aleve, advil, tylenol, etc.)

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12
Q

What is another name for drug?

A

A ligand

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13
Q

Define drug/ligand

A

Any substance that brings about change in biological function through chemical actions

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14
Q

Biophase definition

A

Transport from the site of administration to the target site

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15
Q

Two requirements of useful drug classification

A
  • Biophase
  • Reasonable rate of inactivation
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16
Q

What state are most drugs at room temp?

A

solid

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17
Q

Are most drugs small or large organic molecules?

A

Small

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18
Q

How do most drugs produce effects?

A

interacting with macromolecules (receptors)

19
Q

What is the most important type of receptor for drugs? and why?

A

Proteins - they have the most diversity

20
Q

Protein examples (4)

A
  • Hormones
  • Metabolic enzymes
  • Transporters (Na, K, ATPase)
  • Structural proteins
21
Q

What do physiological receptors respond to?

A

Endogenous regulatory ligands

22
Q

What is the signal transduction pathway?

A

The receptor, its cellular target, and any intermediary molecules
- aka the receptor-effector coupling mechanism

23
Q

What are drugs that don’t act on receptors? (2)

A
  • Antacids
  • Osmotic diuretics
24
Q

How can metoprolol act selectively on adrenergic beta-1 receptors?

A

structure and chemical properties of the drug and receptor

25
Q

Proteins in primary structure

A

sequence of amino acids

26
Q

Protein secondary structure

A

Sequence of amino acids interact with eachother

27
Q

Protein tertiary structures

A

the interaction of more distant amino acids in a sequence

28
Q

Protein quaternary structure

A

Multiple polypeptides can interact to form more complex structures

29
Q

What is the favourability of a drug-receptor binding interaction?

A

affinity

30
Q

What are requirements for selective interactions with receptor binding sites? (4)

A
  • size
  • shape
  • atomic composition
  • charge
31
Q

What are the lower and upper limits to drug size?

A

100Da - 1000Da (Da is a Dalton)

32
Q

Where do very large drugs need to be administered

A

Compartment where they have effects

33
Q

Bond strength 1>2>3>4

A

Covalent>ionic>hydrogen>van der waals

34
Q

Which bond is irreversible?

A

Covalent

35
Q

Why is shape and composition important in binding

A

Lock and key interaction

36
Q

What does imatinib do?

A

Blocks phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase enzyme

37
Q

What is a stereoisomer?

A

Mirrored isomers - like your hands

38
Q

S isomer left or right?

A

Left hand

39
Q

R isomer left or right?

A

Right hand

40
Q

Are both stereoisomers the same or is one more potent?

A

One is more potent

41
Q

What is a racemic mixture

A

50/50 mix of both S and R enantiomers

42
Q

Which stereoisomer is usually sinister?

A

S - left - bad to be a lefty

43
Q

less receptors in the body means what?

A

only affects target areas

44
Q

More receptors found all around the body means what?

A

possible the drug can effect everywhere so localized administration is most beneficial

BIOM 3090 (5 decks)

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