Lec 02 Cancer Staging

Question 1

The common primary treatment for cancer in the lower stages of cancer (stages 1-3)

Answer 1

Surgery

Question 2

Cancer with metastasis is stage?

Answer 2

Stage 4

Question 3

Mainstay modality to arrive at the diagnosis and staging of cancer

Answer 3

History and Physical Examination

Question 4

Most common site of distant metastasis

Answer 4

Bone

Question 5

(T/F) An immovable mass indicates invasion of adjacent structures.

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Skin involvement in breast cancers (erythema, skin, ulcerations, satellite lesions) indicate a minimum T
stage of

Answer 6

T4

Stage IIIB

Question 7

Manifests beneath the umbilicus and indicates distant metastasis from gastric CA. Found in Stage 4 cancer and is incurable.

Answer 7

Sister Mary Joseph’s node

Question 8

(T/F) Final staging is solely based on the pathology report.

Answer 8

F. Final stage is not solely based on the pathology report. It should be based on history and physical exam, imaging
procedures, and surgical findings.

Question 9

(T/F) The pathologist gives the final stage.

Answer 9

F. The clinician gives the final stage

Question 10

TNM Tumor staging for carcinoma in situ (early cancer that has not spread beyond the basement membrane; not palpable)

Answer 10

Tis

Question 11

What does Nx mean in TNM Staging?

Answer 11

Regional lymph nodes cannot be evaluated. Basta may ‘X’ di pa kayang ma-evaluate without further workup

Question 12

The different levels of cancer staging:

Answer 12

clinical, pathological, retreatment, and autopsy

Question 13

Staging level based on evidence acquired before primary treatment such as information gathered in history and PE, imaging,
endoscopy, biopsy, and surgical exploration (indicated in
Hodgkin’s lymphoma)

Answer 13

Clinical Stage

Question 14

Which stage classification should you arrive at in order for you to select which primary treatment should be done to that cancer patient?

Answer 14

Clinical Stage

Question 15

(T/F) Pathologic staging is more accurate than clinical staging

Answer 15

T (Nasa trans)

Question 16

Regarded as the the FINAL STAGE.

Answer 16

Pathological stage

Question 17

Provides more precise data for ESTIMATING PROGNOSIS and calculating end results, as well as determining NEED OF ADJUVANT TREATMENT

Answer 17

Pathologic classification

Question 18

Assigned when further treatment is planned for a cancer that recurs after a disease-free interval

Answer 18

Retreatment classification

Question 19

Identify stage grouping: Carcinoma in situ (early cancer that is found in the layer of cells in which it began); 100% cure rate

Answer 19

Stage 0

Question 20

(T/F): For most cancer sites, staging (and grouping) is based only on the anatomic extent of the disease

Answer 20

T

Question 21

Histologic grade for well-differentiated soft tissue sarcoma.

Answer 21

G1. Pag mas malaki number, mas mahirap i-cure. Mas

Gx Grade cannot be assessed

G1 Well-differentiated

G2 Moderately differentiated

G3 Poorly differentiated

G4 Undifferentiated

Question 22

Patients under 45 years old with this CA will have a stage until Stage 2 only because outcome is good for younger
patients, even with metastasis, as tumor is not as aggressive at this age group.

Answer 22

Thyroid CA

Question 23

Limitations of the current staging system:

Answer 23

• Inability to detect subclinical microscopic metastatic lesions
• Increasing knowledge on the biologic behavior of tumors –incorporation into the staging system will result in a more
  ailored therapy