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Life Science-Plant Tissues > Leaves > Flashcards

Leaves Flashcards

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1
Q

Why to leaves have a large surface area?

A

To absorb light rays

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2
Q

Why do they have a thin shape?

A

So gases can diffuse in and out quickly.

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3
Q

Why do they have green chlorophyll?

A

To absorb light

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4
Q

Why do leaves have veins?

A

To support the leaf surface and to carry substances to and from all the cells in the leaf.

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5
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

Waterproof layer that also cuts down the water lost by evaporation.

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6
Q

What is the upper epidermis?

A

Single layer of cells with no chloroplasts. Light goes straight through.

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7
Q

What is the palisade layer?

A

The palisade cell contains lots of chloroplasts. Most photosynthesis occurs here.

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8
Q

What is the vein?

A

Contains tubes called xylem that bring water and salts to the leaf and tubes called phloem that take dissolved food away.

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9
Q

What is the spongy layer?

A

More rounded cells with lots of air spaces between them, gaseous exchange occurs here.

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10
Q

What is the lower epidermis?

A

No thick cuticle. Has lots of tiny pores called stomata (singular stoma) . These allow gases to diffuse in and out.

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11
Q

What are stomata?

A

Small pores on the underside of the leaf that let gases diffuse in and out.

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12
Q

________ diffuse in for photosynthesis. _____ made in photosynthesis diffuses out. Water _____ diffuses out.

A

Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Vapor

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13
Q

Why are stomata in the underside of the leaf?

A

Stomata are present on the lower epidermis to reduce the loss of water by evaporation as less sunlight falls on the lower epidermis.

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14
Q

How can stomata be opened and closed?

A

By guard cells

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15
Q

When do stomata usually open?

A

During the day

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16
Q

How does water pass into the guard cells?

A

Osmosis. This makes them bend so the stoma opens. Carbon dioxide diffuses into the leaf for photosynthesis.

17
Q

The stomata close at _____. Water passes out of the cells by _______. They ______ up so the so the stoma closes.

A

Night
Osmosis
Straighten

18
Q

Why do stomata close during hot weather ?

A

In many plants, when the outside temperature is warm and water evaporates more readily, plants close their stomata to prevent excessive water loss.

19
Q

What do plants need to do for respiration?

A

Take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. Respiration takes place all the time.

20
Q

What to plants need to happen for photosynthesis which is opposite to respiration?

A

Take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. Photosynthesis only takes place in the light.

21
Q

The gases pass into and out of leaves through the _____.

A

Stomata

22
Q

Why do we have plant food on sale?

A

Plants need mineral salts or nutrients.

23
Q

Why do plants need nitrates?

A

Need the nitrogen to make proteins. So nitrogen is one nutrient needed for growth.

24
Q

What is magnesium used for in plants?

A

To make chlorophyll. Leaves without magnesium look yellow. We say the plant is deficient in magnesium.

25
Q

During daylight plants produce more oxygen by ____ than they use in _______. At night plants produce only _______ by respiration.

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration
Carbon dioxide

26
Q

How can you tell a plant lacks nitrate?

A

Stunted growth and yellow older leaves

27
Q

How can you tell a plant lacks phosphate?

A

Poor root growth and purple younger leaves.

28
Q

How can you tell a plant lacks potassium?

A

Yellow leaves with dead spots.

29
Q

Adaption of epidermis:

A

Epidermal cells are transparent with no chloroplasts so light goes through

30
Q

Why does the leaf have vascular bundles?

A

For water (xylem) and food (phloem)

31
Q

What is stomata used for?

A

Gas exchange

32
Q

Adaptation of palisade mesophyll:

A

Many chloroplasts for photosynthesis

33
Q

Adaptation of spongy mesophyll:

A

More rounded with lots of air spaces to make gas exchange easier.

34
Q

What are parenchyma cells?

A

Thin-walled cells that make up the inside of many non-woody plant structures including stems, roots and leaves.

35
Q

What is the function of parenchyma?(3)

A

Healing & Repair
Photosynthesis
Nutrient and food storage

36
Q

What is collenchyma?

A

Tissue strengthened by the thickening of cell walls.

37
Q

What is the function of collenchyma?

A

Enable additional support to the areas they are found.

Life Science-Plant Tissues (10 decks)

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