LearningCurve 14a. Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories; Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories

Question 1

Our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is called our _____.

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

When people are open with their own feelings, drop their facades, and are self-disclosing, they are displaying _____.

Answer 2

Genuineness

Question 3

The Big Five personality factor _____ involves the following endpoints: organized versus disorganized and careful versus careless.

Answer 3

conscientiousness

Question 4

The unconscious is MOST likely to play a role in:

Answer 4

stereotyping and implicit prejudice.

Question 5

Humanistic theories have been criticized for encouraging attitudes of self-indulgence, _____, and lack of moral restraint.

Answer 5

selfishness

Question 6

Gordon Allport was concerned less with _____ individuals than with _____ them.

Answer 6

explaining; describing

Question 7

Which theory of personality is matched with the correct emphasis?

Answer 7

trait – characteristic patterns of behavior

Question 8

Ashley feels that she has reached her full potential as a physician. According to Maslow, Ashley

Answer 8

is self-actualized.

Question 9

Geneva has an extremely clean dorm room. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Based on this information, Geneva would MOST likely score high on a scale measuring the Big Five factor of:

Answer 9

conscientiousness.

Question 10

According to Freud, the lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage of psychosexual development is called:

Answer 10

fixation.

Question 11

Dr. Burns sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as:

Answer 11

genuineness

Question 12

Gabe strives to be an efficient, task-oriented person. He is unhappy because he is struggling with procrastination and recreational distractions. In _____’s view, Gabe’s dissatisfaction reflects his falling short of his _____.

Answer 12

Rogers; ideal self

Question 13

Garrick is a calm, self-satisfied man who appears to be secure. Garrick is MOST likely low on the Big Five factor of:

Answer 13

neuroticism.

Question 14

As a psychologist, Calvin asks one of his clients to complete the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). After he scores the MMPI, he notices that the client endorsed answers that make her seem healthier than she seems to be. These answers may be detected on the _____ scale.

Answer 14

lie

Question 15

Projective tests are based on the assumption that people have unresolved, often unconscious, conflicts. Projective tests are therefore MOST likely to be used by clinicians adhering to the _____ perspective.

Answer 15

psychodynamic

Question 16

Dr. Myers often asks clients to describe themselves as they are and to describe the people they would like to be. Dr. Myers’s technique BEST reflects _____ notion of _____.

Answer 16

Carl Rogers’s; the self-concept

Question 17

Which choice pairs a Big Five description with an incorrect personality trait?

Answer 17

low openness – impulsive

Question 18

The Big Five personality factors include conscientiousness, agreeableness, _____, openness, and extraversion.

Answer 18

neuroticism

Question 19

Jean has always had trouble with her weight. She was not breast-fed when she was an infant and seems to overcompensate now. In which psychosexual stage is Jean fixated?

Answer 19

oral

Question 20

Although personality traits do not do a good job at predicting specific behavior at a specific time, they do influence our music preferences, personal spaces, _____, and social networking sites.

Answer 20

written communications

Question 21

Shaun has been confronted by his roommate about his drinking behavior. Shaun tends to binge drink several times during the week, passing out in random places throughout the apartment. Shaun defends himself by saying that his roommate also drinks, as do most people their age. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is Shaun using?

Answer 21

projection