Class Notes Flashcards
What is sensation?
The detection of physical energy comes into one of our five senses.
AKA
Raw data without meaning.
Studies of the emotional experience of people with spinal cord injury _____ the Cannon-Bard theory by suggesting that bodily responses and experienced emotion are _____.
challenge; not independent
The common tendency in individualistic cultures to ascribe the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external or situational factors is called:
the fundamental attribution error.
Joshua is on trial for simple assault. He has pleaded not guilty. A psychiatrist has testified that Joshua has a gene that has altered the area of his brain related to aggressive behavior. What is likely to happen?
The judge will give him a lighter sentence.
When people experience an unpleasant state of psychological tension resulting from two inconsistent thoughts or perceptions, they are said to be experiencing:
cognitive dissonance.
Yung is driving to campus one day when another car cuts him off and speeds ahead. Immediately, he yells out “Crazy driver!,” not realizing that the person may be rushing to get to the hospital. Yung’s judgment BEST illustrates:
the fundamental attribution error.
_____ theory emphasizes that we seek to reduce the discomfort we feel when we become aware that our attitudes and actions are in conflict.
Cognitive dissonance theory
Summer watches as a student stumbles and drops her books in the hall. If she demonstrates the fundamental attribution error, how would Summer explain the student’s behavior?
She is a clumsy person.
Juan was shopping for a new watch, and the salesperson was pressuring him to spend money far above his financial limit. Juan attributed the behavior to the salesperson having a pushy personality. Juan’s explanation of the salesperson’s behavior _____ the fundamental attribution error because it is based on the salesperson’s _____.
reflects; personality
Janelle yells at Jason for being 10 minutes late for lunch. Rather than believe that Janelle is a rude jerk, Jason decides that she may be having difficulties with her partner. Jason’s explanation of Janelle’s behavior _____ the fundamental attribution error because it is based on Janelle’s _____.
does not reflect; situation
Lindsay is writing an essay supporting the notion that our attitudes are based on our behavior. One topic Lindsay might NOT discuss in the essay is:
peripheral route persuasion.
Before Rhonda left for college, she told her friend Michelle that she thought sororities were filled with snobs and that she would never consider joining one. However, during Rhonda’s first week on campus, she was approached by a sorority member who invited her to a social function and encouraged her to pledge. After Rhonda attended the party, she told Michelle, “Sororities do a lot of good things for the community. They’re really service organizations.” Rhonda’s change in attitude to match her behavior reflects:
cognitive dissonance.
Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude that:
Patricia’s recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble.
People often accept other people’s opinions about reality because they wish to be accurate. This is called _____ social influence.
Informational
A person tends to exert more effort when she or he is individually accountable than when she or he is working in a group with others toward a common goal. This is known as:
social loafing.
In the Milgram experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the teacher was _____ the experimenter and _____ the learner.
close to; far from
Which social-psychological phenomenon is probably MOST relevant to the fact that online conversation tends to strengthen social movements as different as #BlackLivesMatter on the one hand and alt-right white supremacism on the other?
group polarization
What might account for why, in college residence halls, students’ attitudes become more similar to those living near them?
They may feel as though others in the residence hall are observing their behavior.
A dictator who has a lot of yes-men around to support his suggestions makes decisions that are increasingly ill-considered and divorced from reality. This is an example of:
✓ Group think
John is not a great golfer; he has only been playing golf for 2 years. One day, John was playing alone, and a foursome in front of him told him he could play through. All four of the others watched him tee off. According to social facilitation research, what type of performance would you expect from John?
He will not perform well due to increased arousal.
In which situation is one MOST likely to conform?
when one admires the group’s status
Dahlia is trying to make partner at one of the city’s most prestigious law firms. It is generally understood that associates remain hard at work in the office until at least 7 or 8 each evening. This is an element of the firm’s:
norms
A political party contains both “centrist” members and more left-wing members known as “progressives.” After prolonged online discussion of potential presidential candidates, the centrists are more centrist than ever, and the progressives have drifted farther leftward. This example BEST illustrates:
group polarization.
Nate is lifting weights to build muscle for the upcoming football season. While Nate is in the gym lifting, a group of cheerleaders comes in to start practice. While the cheerleaders were watching, Nate was able to do 10 reps more than he has ever accomplished in the past. This BEST illustrates:
social facilitation.
